Postgraduate Certificate in Education Programme description

Praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning for yrkesfag (PPU-Y) skal kvalifisere og sertifisere for arbeid som lærer på ungdomstrinnet og i fag- og yrkesopplæringen i videregående opplæring (trinn 8-13). Utdanningen skal være profesjonsrettet, relevant og praksisnær slik at studentene opparbeider et godt grunnlag for utøvelse av lærerrollen. Gjennom studiet skal studentene utvikle kompetanse i å ta i bruk forskningsbasert kunnskap i sin profesjonsutvikling, slik at de opparbeider en kritisk og reflektert holdning til egen praksis og utdanningssystemet som helhet. Videre skal studentene utvikle kompetanse i å utføre endrings- og utviklingsarbeid i egen organisasjon. PPU-Y vil også være nyttig i forhold til ledelse av opplæringsaktiviteter i bedrifter og i tilknytning til voksenopplæring.

Læreryrket er mangfoldig og krevende, interessant og engasjerende. Det er et viktig yrke med stor betydning for enkeltmennesket og samfunnet som helhet. Lærerrollen forutsetter derfor solid kompetanse på flere områder. Yrkesfaglæreren har også en oppgave i å legge til rette for et godt samarbeid mellom skole og bedrift. Det særegne ved yrkesfaglæreren er det doble praksisfelt der praktisk yrkesforankring kombineres med teoretisk kunnskap og praktisk- pedagogisk arbeid.

Praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning for yrkesfag er bygget opp rundt følgende kompetanseområder

• skolen i samfunnet
• ledelse av læringsprosesser
• pedagogikk og yrkesdidaktikk
• faglig kompetanse
• etikk
• samhandling og kommunikasjon
• endring og utvikling

Studiet er organisert som et deltidsstudium over to år med samlinger på campus. Studiet finnes også deltid som en kombinasjon mellom samlinger på campus (ca. 25%) og samlinger på nett (ca. 75%), samt som heltidsstudium over ett år.

OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet tilbyr praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning for yrkesfag innen alle yrkesfaglige programområder i videregående opplæring.

Rammer for studiet er gitt i forskrift om rammeplan for praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning, fastsatt av Kunnskapsdepartementet 18. mars 2013. I tillegg er det utarbeidet nasjonale retningslinjer for praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning for yrkesfag.

Praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning for yrkesfag (trinn 8-13) retter seg først og fremst mot yrkesutøvere som ønsker å arbeide med opplæring på ungdomstrinnet eller i fag- og yrkesopplæring i videregående skole. Utdanningen retter seg også mot yrkesutøvere som til daglig jobber med yrkesopplæring eller annen yrkesfaglig kompetanseheving.

Praktisk-pedagogisk utdanning for yrkesfag bygger på en av følgende utdanninger:

• Relevant profesjonsrettet bachelorutdanning* og minimum to års relevant yrkespraksis
• Fag-/svennebrev eller annen fullført treårig yrkesutdanning på videregående nivå, generell studiekompetanse og to års relevant yrkesteoretisk utdanning utover videregående skoles nivå og minimum fire års yrkesrelevant praksis.

Det er i tillegg krav om generell studiekompetanse/realkompetanse. Følgende krav må oppfylles for å være kvalifisert realkompetansesøker:

Søkere må være 25 år eller eldre i opptaksåret, og må dokumentere ett av følgende:

• Minimum fem års relevant yrkespraksis. Inntil to av de fem årene kan erstattes av relevant ulønnet arbeid, utdanning, organisasjonserfaring eller liknende.
• Søker må dokumentere tilstrekkelige ferdigheter i norsk (eller annet nordisk språk) til å kunne gjennomføre studiet. Faget norsk (eller annet nordisk språk) skal bestå av minimum 112 årstimer fra videregående opplæring eller tilsvarende, bestått med karakteren 2 eller bedre. Alternativt kan kravet til norsk dokumenteres med en attest fra arbeidsgiver som beskriver hvordan søkeren har brukt norsk skriftlig og muntlig (eller annet nordisk språk) som en vesentlig del av sitt arbeid. Søkere med morsmål fra land utenfor Norden må dokumentere at de oppfyller krav til norsk tilsvarende kravet til generell studiekompetanse, i henhold til krav i forskrift om opptak til høyere utdanning.

Kravet om to års yrkesteoretisk utdanning kan i helt spesielle tilfeller oppfylles gjennom av en kombinasjon av særlig relevant yrkespraksis utover minstekravet og relevant utdanning. I slike vurderinger vektlegges søkers omfang av yrkespraksis, nivå på yrkespraksis og omfang og relevans av utdanning. Dette må vurderes å ligge på tilsvarende nivå og omfang som annen yrkesteoretiske utdanning som vurderes som relevant for fagbrevets fagområde. Vi gjør i denne sammenheng oppmerksom på at en slik realkompetansevurdering kun gjelder en søknad om opptak og den er ikke bindende for ansettende myndighet.

Kompetansen som vurderes er kortere eller lengre utdanning på ulike nivåer, og dokumentert erfaring med opplæring og/eller praksis i virksomheter i arbeidslivet. Relevant deltidsarbeid av ulikt omfang og lengde kan regnes om til heltid, etter gjeldende regelverk. Utdanning og yrkespraksis som godkjennes må være relevant i henhold til kompetansemålene i det aktuelle yrkesfaglige utdanningsprogrammet i videregående opplæring.

*Utdanningene som godkjennes må være relevant i henhold til kompetansemålene i det aktuelle yrkesfaglige utdanningsprogrammet i videregående opplæring

Målgruppe for studiet er fagpersoner med høyere utdanning som arbeider med opplæring av eller med tilrettelegging for barn, unge eller voksne med særskilte behov.

The Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing is based on the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing and the regulations relating to the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing adopted by the Ministry of Education and Research on 1 December 2005 and meets the requirements stipulated in these documents. The programme has a scope of 90 credits, and is taken as a full-time course of study over one and a half years. After completing the programme, the students will have action competence in the field of intensive care nursing; see the requirements set out in the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing with pertaining regulations.

Intensive care nursingIntensive care nursing is special expertise in nursing acutely and/or critically ill patients with overt or potential failure of vital functions. Intensive care nursing involves taking active part in the process of restoring patients¿ health or enabling them to die with dignity. Among other things, intensive care nursing entails implementing life-saving treatment in acute situations and providing compensatory care in cases of serious failure of patients¿ organs or organ systems. The objective of intensive care nursing is to establish a therapeutic relationship with intensive care patients and their next of kin and to strengthen patients¿ physical, mental, social and spiritual capacity through preventive, therapeutic, pain-relieving, stress-relieving and rehabilitative activities.

Intensive care nursing consists of providing healthcare for acutely and/or critically ill patients of all ages. They are:

• patients in or at risk of an acute physiological crisis due to illness or injury
• patients who need to have their circulatory and respiratory balance restored and need relief of pain and other discomfort following surgery and anaesthesia
• patients with chronic diseases who suffer an additional illness or an acute exacerbation of their underlying condition

The target group for intensive care nursing includes patients¿ next of kin.

Relevance to working life

The Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing is intended to help to cover society¿s increasing need for specialist nursing skills, primarily in the specialist health service, but also in the municipal health service.

Intensive care nurses are in high demand, as they are key personnel in the specialist health service when it comes to providing professionally sound healthcare to acutely and critically ill patients. The specialist health service seeks intensive care nurses who practise their profession in a sound manner and on a scientific basis. Today, we can treat many diseases and injuries that could not be treated in the past. Also, the patients admitted to somatic hospitals are sicker than they used to be. This development makes new and stricter requirements of intensive care nurses. Society requires intensive care nurses to work in an evidence-based manner where their nursing practice is based on knowledge gained from research and experience, in addition to patient knowledge. Intensive care nurses shall be capable of analysing and taking a critical approach to existing theories and methods in advanced medical treatment and intensive care nursing. Moreover, they shall be able to contribute to new ideas and innovation processes in their own practice, and make independent use of relevant methods for quality-related work (quality improvement and quality control work) in the field of intensive care nursing. Intensive care nurses are qualified to take greater responsibility for evidence-based intensive care nursing of acutely and/or critically ill patients in and outside a hospital setting.

Intensive care nurses primarily work in specialist units such as intensive care units, medical intensive care units, postoperative units and accident and emergency departments. Other potential workplaces include intermediate care units, dialysis units, cardiology laboratories, the ambulance service and the air ambulance service. Intensive care nurses are also qualified to work in disaster and war areas.

The municipal health service is also experiencing a growing need for specialist nursing skills. The Act relating to Municipal Health and Care Services, etc. (the Health and Care Services Act) has given the municipalities a role in the treatment of acute-onset illness, exacerbation of chronic illness and in follow-up care for patients whose hospital treatment is finished. Therefore, intensive care nurses will also be in demand in the municipal health service.

Relevance to further studies

The Advanced Programme is identical to the first three semesters of the Master¿s Programme in Intensive Care Nursing at OsloMet ¿ Oslo Metropolitan University. Students who complete the Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing in accordance with this programme description, will only have to write the master¿s thesis to be awarded the degree of Master of Intensive Care Nursing, provided that they meet the admission requirements for the master's degree programme.

Etter fullført studium har kandidaten følgende læringsutbytte definert som kunnskap, ferdigheter og generell kompetanse:

Kunnskap:

Kandidaten:

• har bred kunnskap om spesialpedagogikk som fag- og forskningsfelt, og om etiske utfordringer i spesialpedagogisk arbeid
• har kunnskap om ulike perspektiver på psykososiale vansker og hvordan slike vansker kan identifiseres, forebygges og avhjelpes
• har kunnskap om rådgivning, samarbeid og utviklingsarbeid i sektoren

Ferdigheter:

Kandidaten:

• kan planlegge, gjennomføre og vurdere spesialpedagogiske tiltak basert på relevante kartleggingsmetoder, for å forebygge og/eller avhjelpe psykososiale vansker
• kan kritisk anvende rådgivningsferdigheter i spesialpedagogisk arbeid på individ- og systemnivå
• kan innhente og reflektere over oppdatert spesialpedagogisk fag- og forskningslitteratur på en strukturert måte, og vurdere kvalitet, samt praktisk relevans

Generell kompetanse:

Kandidaten:

• kan planlegge og anvende sine kunnskaper og ferdigheter i arbeid over tid for å inkludere barn og unge med særskilte behov
• kan vurdere og gjennomføre kompetanse- og organisasjonsutvikling i egen organisasjon, og har evne til kritisk refleksjon over egen rolle og utvikling som profesjonsutøver
• har innsikt i etiske utfordringer, problemstillinger og dilemmaer i spesialpedagogisk arbeid

Studiet er organisert som et samlingsbasert deltidsstudium og består av følgende to emner:

1. Psykososiale vansker i individ og systemperspektiv, 15 stp
2. Rådgiving og samarbeid, 15 stp

I emnet «Psykososiale vansker i individ- og systemperspektiv» vil ulike forståelsesmåter av psykososiale vansker bli synliggjort og problematisert. Emnet skal belyse hvordan ulike utfordringer i barnehage og skole kan forebygges og avhjelpes, og det rettes søkelys mot ulike tilnærmingsmåter for å skape gode betingelser for utvikling og læring. Tidlig innsats og tiltak for å skape inkluderende praksiser vil være sentralt i emnet. Studiet har fokus på studentenes erfaring og legger opp til at studentene skal reflektere over egen praksis og organisasjon.

I emnet - «Rådgivning og samarbeid» - skal studentene få oversikt over ulike rådgivningsteorier med fokus på rådgivningsprosesser, kommunikasjon og samspill. Studentene skal lære å tilrettelegge, lede og gjennomføre rådgivningsarbeid på individ- og systemnivå Det fokuseres også på hvordan psykososiale vansker kan forebygges gjennom endrings- og utviklingsarbeid.

Studiet har et utviklings- og praksisorientert fokus med vekt på videreutvikling av studentenes kunnskaper, holdninger og handlingskompetanse, noe som forutsetter egenaktivitet på samlingene og samarbeid i basisgruppene mellom samlingene. Studentene skal gjennom hele studiet delta aktivt med sikte på en kontinuerlig utvikling av studiet.

Det kan etter nærmere avtale med administrativ rådgiver legges til rette for at deler av studiet kan gjennomføres ved internasjonale utdanningsinstitusjoner OsloMet samarbeider med. Studenter som er interessert i en slik ordning må påregne at en selv må organisere studieoppholdet. Det kan også være aktuelt med studietur til et utenlandsk spesialpedagogisk miljø.

The programme comprises 8 compulsory courses, which make up a total of 90 credits. Theoretical studies make up 45 credits, while clinical training accounts for 45 credits. The programme is taken as a full-time course of study over a period of one and a half years.

National curriculum for further education in intensive care nursingIn order to ensure that students who complete the Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing are qualified to work as intensive care nurses, the programme meets the requirements set out in the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing with pertaining regulations adopted by the Ministry of Education and Research on 1 December 2005, both in terms of content and the breakdown of credits.

Progress requirements

• All coursework requirements in a course must be met before a student can take the exam.
• Students must have passed ABIO6000 Natural Science related to Nursing in order to take the exam in INTEN6000 Intensive and Critical Care Medicine
• Students must have passed INTENPRA10 Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Level 1 in order to start INTENPRA20 Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Level 2.
• Students must have passed INTENPRA20 Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Level 2 in order to start INTENPRA3 Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Level 3.

The work and teaching methods used in the programme are based on a sociocultural perspective on learning. This means that the student participates in and contributes to a learning community where fellow students, lecturers and others are important to his/her learning. The goal of the work methods is to encourage independence, fresh thinking, own activity and reflection. Feedback, formative (continuous) assessment and supervision will be the learning community's key activities to advance learning. Learning is considered a process that involves the whole person and is manifested through the change in the person learning.

Study methods that promote evidence-based practice are used throughout the programme in that the student integrates knowledge from research and experience and patient knowledge.

The programme emphasises student-active methods intended to encourage the students to actively seek relevant and reliable sources of knowledge. The process will alternate between individual work and interaction with fellow students and others in group work, seminars, simulations and practical training.

Lectures

Lectures are primarily used to introduce new subject matter, give an overview and highlight main elements and links between different topics, and also to communicate relevant issues. The lectures in the three common courses for several of our advanced nursing programmes will be held as joint lectures, but joint lectures will also be used in other courses. Most lectures are held in a Scandinavian language, but they can also take place in English.

Group work

Group work, which is compulsory attendance, is used as a teaching method to encourage cooperation between students, support the learning of subject matter and provide training in cooperation and interaction skills, which are necessary skills in professional practice.

Seminars

Seminars, which is compulsory attendance, are held in which students present assignments they have been working on and receive oral feedback from their fellow students and lecturers. The purpose of the seminars is to stimulate each other's learning process, clarify students' own understanding of the subject and develop cooperation skills. The students are given the opportunity to practise their academic formulation skills, and academic discussions between students and lecturers are facilitated.

Simulation

Simulation, which is compulsory attendance, is used to practise procedures and become familiar with equipment and machines. Simulation is also used to gain teamwork experience and skills in relation to rarely occurring and life-threatening situations, particularly complex situations that require prompt and appropriate action.

Self-studyNot all topics are covered by organised teaching activities, and students are expected to acquire knowledge of the remaining topics through self-study. Students come to this programme with different preconditions for learning, and self-study enables them to prioritise topics and areas they want to focus on. Self-study also helps to encourage independent activity and reflection.

Practical training

Practical, which is compulsory attendance, training is an important work method in the programme. See a more detailed description in the chapter on practical training.

Compulsory attendance

Attendance is compulsory for group work, seminars and simulation.

The field of practice is an important qualification arena for developing action competence in intensive care nursing and evidence-based practice. Professionally sound intensive care nursing practice must be learned in direct interaction with patients. This is the only way in which students can gain experience and encounter challenges of sufficient complexity to allow them to achieve the programme¿s learning outcomes. When nursing acutely and/or critically ill patients, decisions must often be made quickly, and through practical training, students acquire the practical experience needed to develop an immediate understanding of the patients¿ situation and the knowledge and action required.

Practical training in the programme is organised as three courses with a total scope of 45 credits. When calculating the practical training, we assume that 5 days in practice is a week. Theory and / or study days are not included in the calculation of scope out in practice.

The practical training must make up no less than 50% and no more than 60% of the programme, and at least 90% of the clinical training must involve patient contact; see the requirements set out in the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing.

Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing

First semester: INTENPRA10, 20 credits (13 weeks - about 65 days of practical training)

Second semester: INTENPRA20, 15 credits (10 weeks - about 50 days of practical training)

Third semester: INTENPRA3, 10 credits (7 weeks - about 35 days of practical training)  

The practical training is organised such that on completion of the programme, the student will have gained experience of and developed intensive care nursing action competence in relation to all common conditions, important forms of treatment and different patient situations.

The practical training must include specialist departments where the patient's vital functions are threatened or failing. Students will primarily undergo practical training at:

• intensive care units where ventilator treatment is performed
• postoperative or recovery units
• medical intensive care units
• anaesthesia or surgical departments

Supervision Practical training will be supervised, and the student is guaranteed supervision by a nurse with advanced training or a master's degree in intensive care nursing.

Specification of learning outcomes

The student shall specify the learning outcomes for each course based on his/her own preconditions for learning and the framework conditions at the unit where the course is taken. This must be approved by the practical training supervisor and lecturer. These learning outcome descriptions must be concrete, relevant, realistic and measurable. They must describe observable behaviour, for example actions, performance or skills, or results of an unobservable mental behaviour such as a change in attitude. They are intended to help to clarify what the student needs to learn and which learning situations are required to achieve this. This provides a direction for the supervision/instruction required and indications for use in the assessment.

A conversation between the student, the practical training supervisor and the lecturer will take place within the first two or three weeks of a practical training course. The purpose of this conversation is to maintain continuity and progress in the student's learning and development. The lecturer and practical training supervisor must have received the student¿s specification of the learning outcomes in advance so that the conversation can be as constructive as possible.

Shifts The practical training courses comprise approx. 32 hours per week. The students must have at least eight evening shifts per month. The student prepares a shift plan for each course for approval by the university and the department where the student is taking the practical training. Continuity in supervision is a goal when preparing the shift plan, and the student should therefore follow the practical training supervisor¿s shift arrangements where possible.

Compulsory attendance at practical training

Attendance is compulsory in areas that are important for achieving action competence as an intensive care nurse and where the student cannot acquire knowledge through self-study. This means that attendance is compulsory during practical training. In order to pass a practical training course, the student must have attended at least 90% of the planned activities in each course. Students must make up for absence exceeding 10% by agreement with the lecturer and the practical training establishment. If a student¿s absence exceeds 20%, he/she will fail the course. Absence is calculated on the basis of the student¿s approved shift plan for each course.

Elective practical training Students have the opportunity to organise a total of 1¿6 weeks of elective practical training in the course of the programme. One or two of these weeks can consist of observational practice. For practical training in excess of two weeks, the student must document that he/she has performed practical nursing and received continuous supervision. The elective practical training must be taken at hospital departments relevant to the functions of an intensive care nurse. The student must contact the practical training establishment him/herself and submit a written application for elective practical training for the university¿s approval. Only students who have passed all their exams so far in the programme and are not at risk of failing a practical training assessment can be granted such approval. Elective practical training must be funded by the student.