Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Programme Programme description

Admission to this programme is regulated by Regulations Relating to Admissions to Studies at OsloMet.

Admission requires:

• general entrance requirements for Norwegian higher education, including proficiency in Norwegian (or any other Scandinavian language)
• a bachelor’s degree or equivalent degree
• an average grade of at least C (according to the ECTS grading scale) on your bachelor's degree
• an approved entrance test
• passed entrance interview

Along with the application it is required that candidates submit a completed entrance test where the candidate introduces themselves and answer questions and assignments designed to determine their suitability for the programme and for entrepreneurship. The entrance test will be available on the programme’s web page when the application portal opens.

The entrance test will be assessed by a faculty panel, which will evaluate the candidates’ background and suitability for the programme. Approximately 100 candidates will be invited to an entrance interview. Approximately 35 of these candidates will be selected for the programme. The selection of candidates is based on the entrance test and entrance interview only.

The master programme aims for a diverse group of students with different educational backgrounds. In the case where several qualified applicants have similar educational backgrounds, applicants with different backgrounds may be chosen for admission over those with similar backgrounds.

Single subjects: Entrance test and interview does not apply for admission to single subjects only.

After completing the programme, the graduate should have the following overall learning outcomes defined in terms of knowledge, skills and general competence:

Knowledge

The graduate has

• thorough knowledge of perspectives and theory related to entrepreneurship
• advanced knowledge about how to identify, analyse and develop value creation ideas and opportunities
• a high level of understanding about how to identify one’s own resources and the resources of others with an aim to inspire entrepreneurial activity
• in-depth knowledge of, and the ability to apply, social science research methodology in an entrepreneurial setting

Skills

The graduate has

• specialised knowledge of how to utilise different entrepreneurial tools to assess and analyse value creation activities
• specialised skills to develop a vision for a value creating activity
• advanced skills related to estimating the cost of turning an idea into a value-creating activity
• in-depth skills in identifying and assessing their individual strengths and weaknesses, particularly in the context of high-pressure teamwork
• broad skills in setting long-, medium- and short-term goals, defining priorities, planning and carrying out tasks, and adapting to unforeseen changes, both individually and as part of a team
• a broad understanding of how to manage ambiguity and uncertainty through value creation and process learning
• advanced skills in communicating and learning together with others, including peers, mentors and external stakeholders
• specialised skills in reflecting on and learning from success and failure

General competence

The graduate is

• capable of analysing ethical challenges related to entrepreneurship, market research and use of data
• able to gather, utilise and assess the relevance of academic and popular sources of information
• able to present results and findings from independent and group work, both orally and in writing
• able to communicate and discuss theoretical concepts and problem statements with experts within different academic and industry domains
• able to confidently challenge truths and norms, and continue to question how society is structured

The master’s programme in entrepreneurship is a two-year programme worth 120 ECTS, consisting of four foundational entrepreneurship courses (40 ECTS), a methods course (10 ECTS), a marketing course (10 ECTS), three elective courses (30 ECTS) where the students can pursue domain knowledge related to the development of their idea, and a master´s thesis (30 ECTS).

During the two-year programme, students need to choose three elective courses (30 ECTS). The students are presented with an overview of several existing courses across the four faculties at OsloMet. One of the most common factors that lead entrepreneurs to fail in their venture creation ambitions is the lack of domain knowledge related to their idea/project. OsloMet offers a wide portfolio of courses in disciplines close to their practice fields. Students are strongly encouraged to utilize this opportunity to identify courses that can provide them with important domain knowledge.

All elective courses on the master's programme must be pre-approved by the head of department at Oslo Business School (OsloMet). A maximum of two out of three elective courses on the programme may be at a bachelor's level.

The master's thesis is an independent project that is conducted after the students have completed and passed the foundational and elective courses. The foundational entrepreneurship courses build on each other, meaning that the entrepreneurship courses in semester 3 build on the entrepreneurship courses in semesters 2 and 1. The programme may offer an optional summer exchange programme offering extra credits (30 ECTS).

The four semesters are structured as follows:

Semester 1:

The first semester offers an introduction to entrepreneurship theory and methods. The goal for semester 1 is that students acquire skills in and knowledge about creating and testing solutions for different ideas and societal challenges. The challenges can originate in the student's own idea, based on research or in a private business, public sector organization, NGO or non-profit partner organization. Up to 100 different ideas/challenges are tested in the first semester. The goal in the first semester is to form student teams (of two to five members) that can work on a solution that solves one of the tested ideas/challenges. These solutions can be commercial or non-commercial, within a company, a public sector organization, a NGO or non-profit organisation or can involve the creation of a new venture.

Semester 2

In the second semester students will learn strategic business development and marketing for entrepreneurs. Students can work in newly formed teams and attend courses that supports the development of selected solutions that solves one of the tested ideas/challenges from semester 1. In addition, students are required to take one elective course from the wide range of courses offered at OsloMet.

Summer term (extra credits)

During the summer term between semester 2 and semester 3, students are encouraged to apply and attend one of several international summer school exchange programmes in Boston, San Francisco or Toronto. The summer school is offered in collaboration with the Norwegian School of Entrepreneurship (Gründerskolen) run by the University of Oslo. Participation in the summer school is not compulsory.

Semester 3

In the third semester the students further specialise in the entrepreneurship field as well as have the opportunity to take a wide range of elective courses offered at OsloMet that can provide domain-specific knowledge to their teams for working, developing and implementing their solution in parallel with obtaining expertise in current frontiers of entrepreneurship theory. At the end of the semester the students are expected to launch a pilot and implement the chosen solution together with their team.

Semester 4

In the final semester the students write their master's thesis. The thesis topic can be related either to their solution or to companies, ventures, or projects with which OsloMet has a collaboration partnership, as well as addressing relevant entrepreneurship-theory challenges. The master’s thesis is usually written in groups of two or three students.

Courses consist of lectures, seminars and practical work. In addition, workshops and discussion groups are offered to facilitate and stimulate learning. Written work requirements are intended to develop reflective, argumentative and critical responses to the curriculum and lectures, as well as to acquire writing skills at post-graduate level. Oral presentations and discussions develop discursive skills, whilst specialisation in an area of research promotes scholarly and independent learning. The students will also be required to attend several hackathons or similar seminars or events with external stakeholders.

The teaching method relies on practical training, since there is a consensus among several scholars within entrepreneurship that entrepreneurship education should be based on experiential learning. Moreover, experiential learning enables students to experience what it is like to be an entrepreneur prior to reflecting on theory offered through the foundational entrepreneurship courses in the programme.

Learning process

• Faculty have a close professional relationship with the students and take on a facilitating role.
• Students take action, experiment and iterate through and with real ventures/projects in the value creation process. This gives students a high degree of responsibility for the process of learning by doing.
• Students learn to act first, then reflect, react, readjust and then act again.

Incubation

All students are offered access to incubator programmes. An important function of incubator programmes is to provide a space where students can sit and work on their ventures or projects.

Incubator programme will be in contact with startups to enhance the learning community and to share resources and spaces, and the choice of incubator programmes is based on the students' needs and the nature of their ventures or projects.

Mentorship

Internal and external mentors contribute to the delivery of the programme and serve as support mechanisms for the students and for the programme.

Mentors contribute to the programme in a variety of ways. First, they serve as role models for the students while bringing in up-do-date and relevant experience and second they help develop students’ ventures by providing support, advice and access to networks and mentoring them on pressing issues. Teaching methods

The master’s programme in entrepreneurship at OsloMet combines student-centred and teacher-centred teaching and working methods. There is also an overlap between them, where student-centred methods are also teacher-led.

Teaching methods include:

• Lectures
• Workshops (both faculty and industry)
• Game-based learning
• Inquiry-based learning (where teachers are available for questions)
• Expeditionary learning (out of the building and explore)
• Flipped classroom
• Group/individual mentoring (linked to business)
• Coaching (personalised learning)
• Cases with teacher-led discussions
• Group work and collaboration between students
• Experiments, iterations, prototyping and hypothesis testing
• Participation in real-life seminars and events with external stakeholders, e.g. hackathons
• Guest speakers

OsloMet uses Canvas, a cloud-based learning platform that facilitates student-active forms of work and teaching and serves as the university's channel of communication with its students.

The Bachelor’s Programme in Biomedical Laboratory Sciences covers subjects in the fields of biomedical laboratory sciences, natural sciences and the social and humanistic sciences. The programme has three main focus areas:

• laboratory medicine and medical laboratory technology
• health and disease
• professional role

The topics are closely intertwined in the teaching and form the basis for the skills that are necessary to practise the profession. Students will develop knowledge, skills and general competence that enable them to follow up and influence development of the discipline and what society requires of biomedical laboratory services.

First year of study: Fundamentals of biomedical analysis and laboratory medicine

In the first year of study, fundamental knowledge in laboratory technology and the natural sciences will be emphasised. A common course in evidence-based practice is also included. Students take practical training in an outpatient clinic.

Second year of study: Biomedical analysis, methodology and diagnosis

The emphasis in this year of the programme is laboratory medicine and medical laboratory technology as a basis for diagnosis. This includes knowledge of methods, analysis, quality assurance and assessment of test results within the laboratory subjects. The students take external practical training at a laboratory for medical biochemistry.

Third year of study: Biomedical laboratory sciences and professional knowledge in practice

The last year of the programme emphasises laboratory medicine and medical laboratory technology focusing on professional knowledge in practice. Main topics are quality assurance, quality development, evidence-based practice and ethical reflection in relation to practising the profession and the practitioner’s professional role. Two common courses are also part of the programme: Public Health and Health Management and Technology and Society.

The students take external practical training in a blood bank and later in another laboratory for instance in microbiology, histopathology or immunology. The programme concludes with a bachelor’s thesis in biomedical laboratory science research and development work.

Courses and teaching activities taught jointly with other programmes at OsloMet

The Bachelor’s Programme in Biomedical Laboratory Sciences includes the following courses and teaching activities that also form part of other programmes at the university:

• BIOB1060 Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Health Care, 5 credits
• BIOB1050 Public Health and Health Management, 5 credits
• BIOB1070 Technology and Society, 5 credits

In the courses BIOB1050 Public Health and Health Management (5 credits) and BIOB1060 Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Health Care (5 credits), different academic environments at the Faculty of Health Sciences join forces to provide the students with a common competence platform in line with national guidelines. In BIOB1050, focus is on the health services’ organisation, health legislation and administration, and preventive and health promoting work. In BIOB1060, students learn about the rationale for evidence-based practice, with focus on critical thinking and shared decision-making. For more details, see the individual course descriptions.

The course Technology and Society is a preparatory course that is part of most degree studies at OsloMet. The course provides a fundamental understanding of the digital world and how technology affects people’s lives and the way in which they work, and will help the students to enter working life with a fundamental understanding of technology. The Department of Computer Science at OsloMet has the responsibility for the practical aspects of the course provision. For a more detailed description, see the course description.

The structure of the programme

The programme is divided into 19 compulsory courses and incorporates both practical and theoretical teaching at the university and supervised external practical training. Each year of the programme has a scope of 60 credits.

The courses in the programme description build on each other to ensure progress, with increasing requirements for knowledge and understanding of biomedical laboratory sciences. All the courses conclude with a final assessment. Figure 1 shows how the courses are organised in the programme. The students are divided into two groups in the second year of the programme. Reference is made to the course descriptions for more detailed information about of the content of the individual courses in the programme.

The academic year is 40 weeks long, and the expected normal workload is 40 hours per week. This includes scheduled activities, students’ own activity and exams.

Study progress

• The following progress requirements apply to the programme:
• The first year of study must be passed before the student can start the second year
• The second year must be passed before starting the third year*

* Exception from the progression requirement:

• The courses BIOB1050 and BIOB1070 can be started even if the second year of study is not passed

Teaching activities should stimulate active learning and engagement. Good learning outcomes are first and foremost dependent on the students’ own efforts. Own effort means both benefiting from teaching and academic supervision and following this up with independent work in the form of theoretical studies and practical skills training. Normal study progress requires students to be make great personal efforts in the form of study groups and individual work.

The work and teaching methods will facilitate the integration of knowledge, skills and general competence and have the greatest possible transfer value to professional practice. Health and natural sciences theory is placed in the context of biomedical laboratory science and is related to the profession right from the start of the programme. A major part of the programme covers problem-based assignments relevant to the profession, which require problem-solving, activity, reflection and cooperation.

Several forms of digital learning resources are used in the programme, such as the digital platform Bokskapet, digital lectures, video clips, podcasts, tests and assignments. Such resources can for instance be used prior to laboratory courses as preparation for the laboratory assignments, or as preparation prior to seminars organised as the ‘flipped classroom’ (see below). This form of teaching requires the students to meet prepared for class. Digital exams are used in several courses.

The most important work and teaching forms used in the programme are described below. The individual course descriptions state which work methods each course employs.

Practical training is described in a separate chapter, see below.

Self-study, student cooperation and group work

Learning requires a high degree of own activity and self-study, including both individual work and cooperation with fellow students. Through activities such as exchanging ideas, presentations, discussions, peer assessment, writing assignments and problem-based assignments, students will be stimulated to learn by communicating knowledge and experience, expressing their own opinions and, together, reflecting on their own attitudes, actions and understanding of the field. Students are encouraged to take the initiative to schedule and actively participate in study groups to promote learning.

Written assignments

Assignments are written individually and in groups. Students work on different forms of written assignments throughout the programme. Through these, the students learn to see connections, develop more in-depth knowledge and understanding, and develop their terminology. It is expected that students supplement subject matter from teaching activities and the syllabus with research and scholarly articles, reference works and online resources. In some courses, the students will assess each other’s work and provide feedback to each other. Laboratory reports

A laboratory report is documentation of laboratory work performed. Students will be followed up with supervision and feedback on the reports they submit. Students will also be given feedback from fellow students on some of the assignments.

Logs

A log is written individually in connection with laboratory work. It is intended to help the student to focus on everything that is done during this work. Students are given feedback on the logs they submit.

Portfolio

A portfolio is a systematic collection of the student's own work. They are used to structure the student's learning and are helpful to acquire knowledge in a specific course, and to see the relationship between different parts of the programme.

Project work

Project work provides experience of some of the challenges inherent in scientific work methods. Students will develop skills in the systematic use of methods, including theoretical basis, data collection, analysis, discussion, written formulation and verbal communication. Students develop research questions and work both independently and in groups. Reflection notes

Reflection notes are written to help the students to develop the ability to critically assess and reflect on their own learning.

Lectures

Lectures are used to provide an overview, go through difficult material, point out connections and discuss relevant issues. Lectures also shed light on necessary theory to understand the background, execution and interpretation of results from the laboratory exercises and their significance. The lectures can be digital in some of the courses.

Seminars

In seminars, students are able to engage in relevant topics to deepen their knowledge and practise their skills in academic formulation and reflection. This is done through academic contributions, solving assignments and discussion.

Flipped classroom

In some courses, part of the teaching is organised as a flipped classroom. It entails for instance that a lecture is substituted with digital learning resources such as video clips or digital lectures. These are made available to students in advance and the students prepare by watching the films before attending class. In this way, more time can be dedicated to problem-solving activities with the course lecturers. The students can use demonstration videos to familiarise themselves with methods and approaches before the laboratory courses.

A distinction is made between skills training in the university laboratories and external practical training at medical laboratories, outpatient clinics and blood banks.

Skills training at the university

The laboratory is the biomedical laboratory scientist’s most important arena for professional practice. Supervised skills training in collecting blood samples and in laboratory work is therefore a key part of the programme. In courses where the laboratory work is part of the teaching, the students apply relevant laboratory equipment and develop skills in laboratory technical work.

Teaching activities place emphasis on the students understanding concepts and procedures, working systematically, and combining theory and practice to ensure the quality of test results and investigations. The basic skills training takes place in the university’s laboratories, while more extensive professional learning takes place in the various practical training establishments.

External practical training

The professional field is an important learning arena for biomedical laboratory scientists. Students are on placements in different medical laboratories throughout the programme. They will learn in situations that are authentic for the profession under the supervision of professionals with relevant experience. Emphasis is placed on the teaching during practical training being related to relevant work situations and problems, providing the students with experience of the duties and responsibilities of biomedical laboratory scientists. Through their external practical training, students gain insight into the function of medical laboratories in the health service. They will meet patients and receive training in cooperation with colleagues and other professional groups.

It is emphasised that the students will become familiar with the profession early on and that they will take practical training in all three years of the programme. External practical training takes place at cooperating institutions in the Oslo region and some other hospital laboratories in Norway.

The external practical training is worth a total of 22,5 credits:

First year, 1.0 credit

• practical training at an outpatient clinic, including taking blood samples

Second year, 10 credits

• practical training at a medical biochemistry laboratory, including taking blood samples

Third year, 11.5 credits

• practical training at a blood bank, including taking blood from donors and producing components
• practical training in a medical laboratory

OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University has established cooperation with universities and university colleges in and outside Europe, and is a member of different academic networks. Students can apply to take parts of the programme abroad, preferably at institutions that OsloMet cooperates with.

The Bachelor's Programme in Medical Laboratory Sciences facilitates students to take at least three months of the programme abroad. This is in connection with the bachelor's assignment (BIO3900). The assignment must be written in English if the exchange is in a country outside Scandinavia.

Foreign students can take practical training and/or write their bachelor's assignment under the programme.

Reference is made to OsloMet's framework that applies to student exchanges and the information about stays abroad.

The language of instruction in the elective courses BIO3000 International Public Health (IPH) and STKD6610 Technology and Society II is English, and the syllabus is also in English. Students can take the exam in English or in Norwegian. These courses are taught jointly with other programmes at OsloMet.

Coursework requirements are all types of work, tests and compulsory attendance that are requirements for being permitted to take the exam. Required coursework is assessed as approved/not approved. The coursework requirements for each course are described in the relevant course description.

The purpose of the coursework requirements is to:

• promote progress and academic development in the programme
• encourage students to seek out and acquire new knowledge
• facilitate cooperation and communication on nursing issues

The programme's main coursework requirements are in the form of compulsory attendance, written assignments and tests.

Compulsory attendance

There is a compulsory attendance requirement for several parts of the programme to ensure that the students have the necessary basis to achieve the learning outcomes.

A minimum attendance of 90% is required in laboratory work carried out in the education's laboratories. There is a minimum attendance requirement of 80% for scheduled group work, project work and seminars. Other activities may also be subject to compulsory attendance requirements. Detailed provisions on compulsory attendance are included in the course descriptions.

If a student exceeds the maximum limit for absence, the lecturer will consider whether it is possible to compensate for absence by meeting alternative requirements, for example individual written assignments. Whether or not it is possible to compensate for absence depends on the extent of the student’s absence and which activities he/she has missed. Absence from compulsory teaching that cannot be compensated for may lead to delayed progress in the programme.

The practical training courses require at least 90% attendance. For more information about the requirements that apply to the practical training, see ‘Assessment of external practical training’ below.

Written assignments

Several courses have written assignments, logs or reports as part of their coursework requirements. Written work that is not approved must be reworked before re-submission. If the work is not approved on re-submission, the student cannot take the ordinary exam/assessment.

The students are entitled to a third attempt before the resit/rescheduled exam. If a piece of required coursework is not approved, this may lead to delayed progress in the programme.

More detailed requirements for written work, deadlines etc. are set out in the teaching plan for the course in question.

Tests

Digital multiple choice tests

In some courses, the students must take individual digital tests. The tests are taken via the university learning platform and are approved when a minimum 70% of the answers are correct. The students can take the tests several times until the minimum requirement is met.

A digital test must be approved within a set deadline in order for the student to be able to take the ordinary exam. If needed, new attempts to take a new/postponed exam will be facilitated. If a piece of required coursework is not approved, this may lead to delayed progress in the programme.

Practical test

The students will take an individual practical test in laboratory skills as part of the course BIOB1100.

If the coursework requirement is not approved, arrangements will be made for another attempt before the ordinary exam. Approval is required in order for the student to be able to take the ordinary exam.

The students are entitled to a third attempt before the resit/rescheduled exam. If a piece of required coursework is not approved, this may lead to delayed progress in the programme.

Students will encounter different forms of assessment during the programme. The forms of assessment are adapted to the learning outcomes in the different courses and are intended to support learning and document that the students’ competence is adequate in relation to the applicable learning outcomes. During the programme, the students will be given advice and guidance and their performance will be assessed. It is important and necessary to assess students’ knowledge and skills often, so that the students receive feedback on whether their performance is in line with the programme's requirements and whether they have achieved the learning outcomes.

The assessment of exams and practical training is carried out in accordance with the applicable rules set out in the Act relating to Universities and University Colleges, the Regulations relating to Studies and Examinations at OsloMet and the Guidelines for Appointment and Use of Examiners at OsloMet.

The coursework requirements for each course are described in the relevant course description. All exams taken and the title of the bachelor’s thesis will be stated on the diploma.

Exam

All courses conclude with an exam. The assessment is based on the learning outcomes for the course, and what is assessed is whether the student has achieved the stipulated learning outcomes. The grades used are pass/fail or letter grades from A to F, with A being the highest grade and E the poorest pass grade. The grade F means that the student has failed the exam.

Most courses have coursework requirements that must be approved before the student can take the exam. See the course descriptions for more details.

Resit and rescheduled exams are carried out in the same manner as the ordinary exam unless otherwise specified in the course description.

For exams where a percentage of the exam papers are assessed by an external examiner, the external examiner's assessment shall benefit all the students. In such cases, one external and one internal examiner will first grade the selected papers. The internal examiner then continues grading the rest of the papers together with another internal examiner. The assessments from the first part are summarised to serve as guidelines for the assessments carried out by the two internal examiners.

Grades awarded for written exams can be appealed, cf. Section 5-3 of the Act relating to Universities and University Colleges. It is not possible to appeal the grades awarded for oral and practical exams. For a group exam, the result of an appeal will only have consequences for the candidates who submitted the appeal. This means that all members of the group do not have to participate in the appeal.

Assessment of external practical training

External practical training is assessed as pass/fail. The assessment is based on the course’s learning outcomes, assessment criteria and the continuous suitability assessment throughout the practical training. To pass the practical training, the student must have met the compulsory attendance requirement. The attendance requirement includes both the time spent at the practical training establishment and any teaching provided as part of the programme. The practical training requires at least 90% attendance. The following also applies for absence:

• less than 10% absence: The student can complete the practical training course as normal.
• between 10–20% absence: The student can make up for the practical training/teaching missed, if this is doable. This must be agreed with the practical training supervisor and the contact lecturer at the university.
• more than 20% absence: The student must normally retake the practical training course. This will result in delayed progress in the programme.

If the student exceeds the maximum limit for absence, the practical course will be registered as failed and count as an attempt.

Suitability

Diplomas for the completed programme will only be awarded to graduates who are suited to practise the profession. A student who represents a potential threat to the physical or mental health, rights and safety of his/her patients and colleagues is not suited for the profession.

Suitability assessments are made on a continuous basis throughout the study programme, and will be included in the overall assessment of the students' professional and personal suitability for work as health personnel. Students who demonstrate little ability to master the biomedical laboratory scientists profession must be informed of this at the earliest possible stage of the programme. They will be given supervision and advice on how to improve, or be advised to leave the programme. Special suitability assessments are used in special cases, cf. the Regulations concerning Suitability Assessment in Higher Education.

Programme description:

Approved by the Academic Affairs Committee at the Faculty of Health Sciences, 25 September 2019.

Most recent amendments adopted by the Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences, 9 January 2022

Applies to students starting the programme in 2022 autumn Full-time.