Ph.d.-program i helsevitenskap Programplan

The legal basis for this plan is laid down in Act no. 15 relating to Universities and University Colleges of 1 April 2005 and the Regulations Relating to the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) at OsloMet (hereinafter referred to as "the PhD Regulations").

The PhD Programme in Health Sciences may be undertaken either over three years or over four years with 25 per cent required duties. Candidates who successfully complete the programme will earn 180 credits and qualify for a PhD in Health Sciences.

The PhD programme in Health Sciences has an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary* profile whereby health researchers cooperate on developing integrated knowledge-based health care services. Key elements in the programme are: interventions in health promotion, preventive health care, treatment, rehabilitation, and care. Health is a complex and comprehensive phenomenon that involves interaction between physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Although the respective professions and disciplines place different emphasis on dimensions of health, they share a common understanding of the goal to promote health and quality of life. In the training component of the programme, candidates learn about research and work methods that can contribute towards knowledge-based assessment and intervention in the health care services at individual and systemic levels. The training component will enhance the depth and breadth of the candidates' professional knowledge so that they develop an independent and reflective approach to both their own research and to that of others, as well as to the role of research in a broader context. It will also support the candidates in their work on their thesis.

Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet) is the largest educational institution for health science disciplines in Norway. The PhD Programme in Health Sciences is offered by the Faculty of Health Sciences, which has long experience in educating professional practitioners. The faculty trains professional practitioners in the disciplines of bioengineering, ergotherapy, physiotherapy, orthopaedic engineering, radiography, pharmacy, nursing, dental technology, and social education. The faculty also offers training in the areas of public nutrition, behaviour analysis, management, among others. Research training is linked to the professional programmes and therefore promotes research cooperation with the field of practice.

Health service user groups are changing; these changes are characterised by a growing proportion of older users, greater ethnic diversity, and new disease patterns. These developments call for better knowledge about the cultural and medical bases for providing equal health services to everyone. There is a need for better integration and coordination of health services to large patient groups and more emphasis on preventive measures to stem the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases. Coordination involves several different health care professions and actors, and is contingent on cooperation. Many actors are involved in research projects aimed at developing the knowledge that will be needed in order to meet future challenges: municipalities, health trusts, universities, university colleges, research institutes, and competence centres in the health and care sector. The need to train personnel with research competence in most of the health professions is therefore significant. Strengthening multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research will be vital to develop better courses of treatment for patients with complex needs who would benefit from cooperation between the respective professions.

*By "multidisciplinary" is meant combining input from multiple disciplines aimed at resolving a common problem. In order to be characterised as multidisciplinary, input must in addition be scientifically integrated in terms of theory and methodology.

Research training in health sciences offers opportunities to apply for academic positions at universities, university colleges, health trusts, and research institutes as well as for positions in other areas in the public and private sectors with a need for competence in the health sciences. The PhD Programme in Health Sciences will give more professional practitioners the opportunity to gain research competence and thereby contribute to improving coordination within the health and care sectors. Furthermore, the programme will help establish sound research environments and provide a basis for research-oriented training and practice, as the programme qualifies candidates for teaching and supervising students and colleagues in the health sciences.

The target group for the programme comprises individuals with backgrounds in the health care professions. Potential candidates may be admitted directly from studies or from work life in the case of professional practitioners with master's degrees seeking to enhance their levels of competence and knowledge or from research institutes involved in health science projects. Applicants from other professional backgrounds who wish to work in health science projects may also be admitted.

Applicants to the PhD programme must hold a hovedfag, master's degree (120 credits) or equivalent qualification. Admission to the programme is regulated by the PhD Regulations, the Regulations Relating to the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) at OsloMet, and the Guidelines for the PhD Programme in Health Sciences. Pursuant to the PhD Regulations, section 2.2, applications for admission to the programme must contain:

A. Documentation of completed education on which the decision regarding admission should be based (certified copies of original certificates).

B. A project description containing

• an academic account of the project
• a progress plan for completing the programme
• documentation of special needs for academic and material resources
• plans for stays at other institutions, where applicable
• academic dissemination
• specification of the chosen language for the thesis
• details of any restrictions on intellectual property rights to protect the rights of other parties

C. A funding plan.

D. A plan for the training component.

E. A proposal for at least one academic supervisor.

F. An account of any legal or ethical issues raised by the project.

G. Details about whether or not the project is dependent on permission from research ethics committees or other official or private bodies. Such permission ought to be obtained and enclosed with the application, if possible.

Decisions on admissions are based on an overall assessment of applications. The PhD committee at the Faculty of Health Sciences at OsloMet shall consider admission applications.

Admissions to the PhD programme in Health Sciences are considered on an ongoing basis. Pursuant to the Regulation, section 2-6, admission to PhD programmes is formalised by a written contract between the PhD candidate, the supervisor(s) and the Faculty of Health Sciences.

On completion of the PhD Programme in Health Sciences, the candidate should have achieved the following learning outcomes defined as knowledge, skills, and general competence:

Knowledge

The candidate

• is in the forefront of knowledge within his or her field of research and masters the field's philosophy of science and methodology
• is in the forefront of knowledge on the current national and international academic debates within health sciences specific to his or her own professional field
• can evaluate the expediency and application of theories within health sciences and methodology specific to those theories
• can evaluate the research ethical related to the application of different research methods
• can evaluate the expediency and application of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research concerning health and illness
• can contribute to the development of new knowledge, new theories, and new methods within health sciences specific to his or her own field

Skills

The candidate can

• formulate research questions and design, plan and carry out research projects, analyse data, and discuss the results
• place his or her own project in relation to a theoretical context and research tradition within health sciences
• carry out high-level research in cooperation with national and international research environments
• manage complex academic issues related to ethics, theory and method within his or her field of research
• challenge established knowledge and practice within his or her area of the health sciences

General competence

The candidate can

• identify and discuss ethical issues in research related to health
• carry out his or her research with scholarly and ethical integrity
• manage complex interdisciplinary assignments within the field of health sciences
• participate in debates within health sciences and present his or her research at national and international conferences, produce scientific publications, and communicate research to a wide audience
• assess the need for, initiate, and drive innovation in health professions

The PhD programme may be taken either as a full-time programme over three years or as a part-time programme over four years combined with 25% required duties. Each candidate must take six courses.

Programme structure

The programme is divided into two main parts:

• Training component (30 credits).
• Research component (150 credits).

The programme structure is flexible in that candidates may choose when to take the courses so as to adapt the training component to their individual theses. All courses are concluded with an examination. The academic year lasts for 40 weeks, and candidates are expected to work 40 hours per week. This includes scheduled activities, individual activities, and the examination.

Candidates who choose other compulsory methods course or elective courses will be given supervision in finding such courses at other units at OsloMet or at other national or international institutions. The PhD committee at the Faculty of Health Sciences shall consider the approval of such courses in individual applications. Candidates are advised to apply for approval in advance.

Candidates may be awarded a maximum of 5 credits for research stays abroad in connection with their thesis. The maximum amount of credits may replace credits awarded for an elective course. Awards totaling less than 5 credits that cannot be integrated into the PhD programme will be specified on a separate transcript. Candidates must apply to the PhD Committee at the Faculty of Health Sciences to have credits approved before research stays are undertaken. On their return, candidates must submit a report for assessment by the PhD Committee as to whether the stay was undertaken in accordance with their application. Credits for research stays abroad are awarded subject to assessment by the PhD Committee at the Faculty of Health Sciences. The following criterion will apply:

• Activity:  Research stay abroad in connection with work on the thesis (minimum of 2 weeks).
• Credits:  2-5 credits (maximum of 1 credit per week).

See section "Internationalisation" for a more detailed description of research stays abroad.

Training component

The training component must promote the candidates' research and competence development. It comprises courses offering theoretical and methodological training in performing the work involved in writing the thesis.

The compulsory courses, PHVIT9000, Health Sciences I: Health and Illness, and PHVIT9100, Health Sciences II: Philosophy of Science, Research Ethics and Research Methodology will provide candidates with a theoretical and methodological platform. Health Sciences I will give candidates a critical perspective of different views of health and illness and will enable them to apply these concepts in complex physical, physiological, and social contexts. Health Sciences II promotes critical thinking on philosophical, ethical, and methodological issues. Qualitative, qualitative, and mixed research methods are key elements, and the course provides candidates with a broad methodological basis for assessing research strategies in their own research.

The PhD programme offers seven elective courses, each Worth 5 credits. Candidates must choose three of the seven elective courses.

Elective specialisation in methodology is based on PHVIT9100, Health Sciences II: Philosophy of Science, Research Ethics and Research Methodology, and is offered either as PHVIT9200, Qualitative Methods or as PHVIT9300, Quantitative Methods. PHVIT9100, Health Sciences II, offers a broad methodological basis, whereas the elective specialisation courses provide the basis for deeper understanding of and advanced application of qualitative or quantitative methods. Candidates can therefore apply relevant design and methods when planning and undertaking their own research work.

Furthermore, the following elective courses are offered: PHVIT9510, Concept and Theory Development in Health Sciences; PHVIT9520, Intervention Design in Health Sciences; PHVIT9530, Assessment and Methods of Measurement; PHVIT9540, User Involvement and Coordination, PHVIT9550, Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses and PHVIT9560 Bioinformatics with emphasis on analysis of high throughput sequencing data. The elective element of the PhD programme forms multidisciplinary arenas that will support interdisciplinary research. The courses integrate scientific theories and methods that are relevant to the Faculty of Health Sciences' areas of research. The elective courses are thematically and methodically rooted in the faculty's research activities, and offer candidates the opportunity to specialise in approaches and ways of thinking that are particularly relevant to their thesis.

The PhD programme will be closely linked to current research, and candidates will contribute to developing the respective fields of study through their own projects. Candidates who need to specialise in both qualitative and quantitative methods may choose to take both compulsory methodology courses and only one elective course.

Compulsory courses, a total of 15 credits (Offered once a year)

• Course PHVIT9000: Health Sciences I: Health and Illness, 5 credits.
• Course PHVIT9100: Health Sciences II: Philosophy of Science, Research Ethics and Research Methodology, 10 credits.

Elective courses, a total of 15 credits. Candidates choose three of the following courses (Offered once a year)

• Course PHVIT9200: Qualitative Methods, 5 credits.
• Course PHVIT9300: Quantitative Methods, 5 credits.
• Course PHVIT9510: Concept and Theory Development in Health Sciences, 5 credits.
• Course PHVIT9520: Intervention Design in Health Sciences, 5 credits.
• Course PHVIT9530: Assessment and Methods of Measurement, 5 credits.
• Course PHVIT9540: User Involvement and Coordination, 5 credits
• Course PHVIT9550: Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses, 5 credits
• Course PHVIT9560: Bioinformatics with emphasis on analysis of high throughput sequencing data, 5 credits

Research component

The research component comprises course PHVIT9900, Thesis, 150 credits.

Work on the academic thesis is spread across all six semesters and includes planning and conducting the research project, processing the results, and designing the thesis. The thesis may be produced as a compilation of articles or as a monograph; see the PhD Regulations under "Training component" above.

An article-based thesis must contain at least three articles, at least two of which the PhD candidate must be the main author. In the case of articles of which the PhD candidate is not the main author, the candidate ought to have made a material contribution towards collecting data, interpreting results, and writing the article. On submission of the thesis, at least one of the articles must already be accepted for publication.

Programplanen for Bachelor - yrkesfaglærerutdanning i service og samferdsel er utarbeidet ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus etter forskrift om rammeplan for yrkesfaglærerutdanning for trinn 8-13, fastsatt av Kunnskapsdepartementet, 18. mars 2013. Studiet gir grunnlag for tildeling av graden bachelor - yrkesfaglærer i service og samferdsel i henhold til forskrift om rammeplan for yrkesfaglærerutdanning.

Yrkesfaglærerutdanningen skal kvalifisere og sertifisere for arbeid som yrkesfaglærer på ungdomstrinnet og i videregående opplæring (trinn 8-13). Utdanningen skal være profesjonsrettet, relevant og praksisnær slik at studentene opparbeider et godt grunnlag for utøvelse av lærerrollen. Dannelse er et sentralt mål med utdanning generelt, og blir løpende integrert i yrkesfaglærerutdanningen. Undervisningen skal gi studentene mulighet til å ta i bruk forskningsbasert kunnskap i sin profesjonsutvikling slik at studentene opparbeider en kritisk og reflektert holdning til egen praksis og utdanningssystemet som helhet. Videre skal studentene settes i stand til å arbeide med endrings- og utviklingsarbeid i egen organisasjon. Yrkesfaglærerutdanningen vil også være nyttig i forhold til ledelse av opplæringsaktiviteter i bedrifter, fagskolesystemet og innen voksenopplæring.

Læreryrket er mangfoldig og krevende, interessant og engasjerende. Det er et viktig yrke med stor betydning for enkeltmennesket og samfunnet som helhet. Lærerrollen forutsetter derfor solid kompetanse på flere områder. Yrkesfaglærerutdanningen er bygget opp rundt følgende kompetanseområder  

• skolen i samfunnet
• ledelse av læringsprosesser
• pedagogikk og yrkesdidaktikk
• faglig kompetanse
• etikk
• samhandling og kommunikasjon
• endring og utvikling

Yrkesfaglærerutdanningen retter seg mot yrkesutøvere med fag-/svennebrev og relevant praksis fra yrkesområdet. Aktuelle yrkesområder er knyttet mot korresponderende utdanningsprogram i videregående opplæring (Kunnskapsløftet). Yrkesfaglærerutdanningen retter seg også mot yrkesutøvere som til daglig arbeider med yrkesopplæring i bedrift eller annen yrkesfaglig kompetanseheving

• fag-/svennebrev eller annen fullført treårig yrkesopplæring på videregående nivå innen utdanningsprogrammet service og samferdsel
• minimum to års yrkespraksis etter avsluttet utdanning
• generell studiekompetanse eller vurdert realkompetanse

Opptak på bakgrunn av realkompetanse reguleres av retningslinjer for opptak på bakgrunn av realkompetanse ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus fastsatt av høgskolestyret 8.12.2011. Søkeren må være over 25 år, dokumentere relevant fag-/svennebrev/offentlig godkjent sertifisering og ha minimum 2 års relevant yrkeserfaring. For fag-/yrkesområder der det ikke finnes relevant fag-/svennebrev må søkeren dokumentere minst 8 års relevant yrkeserfaring.

Opptakskravene er regulert i nasjonal forskrift om opptak til høyere utdanning.

Læringsutbyttebeskrivelsene i programplan og emnebeskrivelser er utarbeidet i henhold til nasjonalt kvalifikasjonsrammeverk for livslang læring, fastsatt av Kunnskapsdepartementet 15.desember 2011.

Etter fullført studium har kandidaten følgende læringsutbytte, definert som kunnskap, ferdigheter og generell kompetanse i tråd med forskrift om rammeplan for yrkesfaglærerutdanning.

Kunnskap

Kandidaten

• har kunnskap om gjeldende lovverk og styringsdokumenter som er relevante for profesjons- og yrkesutøvelsen
• har bred kunnskap om yrkesfag, pedagogikk og yrkesdidaktikk, arbeidsmetoder/verktøy og prosesser som er relevante for profesjons- og yrkesutøvelsen, og kan vurdere behov for HMS-tiltak
• kan se yrkesopplæringen og yrkesutøvelsen i et historisk og kulturelt perspektiv
• har kunnskap om skolens mandat, opplæringens verdigrunnlag, og det helhetlige opplæringsløpet fra ungdomstrinnet til endt fag- eller yrkesopplæring (8.-13. trinn)
• har bred kunnskap om ungdomskultur og ungdoms utvikling og læring i ulike sosiale og flerkulturelle kontekster
• har kunnskap om ungdom i vanskelige situasjoner og om deres rettigheter i et nasjonalt og internasjonalt perspektiv
• kjenner til nasjonalt og internasjonalt forsknings- og utviklingsarbeid med relevans for lærerprofesjonen innenfor det yrkespedagogiske og det yrkesfaglige området, og kan oppdatere sin kunnskap innenfor fagområdet 

Ferdigheter

Kandidaten

• kan anvende sine yrkesfaglige, pedagogiske, yrkesdidaktiske og teknologiske kunnskaper
• kan planlegge, begrunne, gjennomføre, lede, vurdere og dokumentere relevant fag- og yrkesopplæring tilpasset elevenes/lærlingenes behov
• kan identifisere og arbeide systematisk med grunnleggende ferdigheter, herunder yrkesdidaktisk bruk av digitale verktøy
• kan vurdere og dokumentere elevers læring og utvikling, gi læringsfokuserte tilbakemeldinger og bidra til at elevene/lærlingene kan reflektere over egen læring
• kan orientere seg i faglitteraturen og forholde seg kritisk til informasjonskilder og eksisterende teorier knyttet til ungdomstrinnet og fag- og yrkesopplæring (8.-13. trinn)
• behersker relevante arbeidsprosesser, verktøy, teknikker og uttrykksformer, og kan reflektere over egen yrkesutøvelse og justere denne under veiledning
• kan bruke og henvise til relevante forskningsresultater for å treffe begrunnede valg og gjennomføre systematisk yrkesfaglig og pedagogisk utviklingsarbeid 

Generell kompetanse

Kandidaten

• har innsikt i relevante faglige og yrkesetiske problemstillinger og kan formidle sentralt fagstoff skriftlig, muntlig og gjennom andre dokumentasjonsformer
• kan via faglig innsikt, engasjement og formidlingsevne motivere for elevenes/lærlingenes læring, yrkesstolthet og yrkesidentitet
• kan analysere egne behov for kompetanseheving og ha endrings- og utviklingskompetanse for å møte framtidens behov i skole, arbeids- og samfunnsliv
• kan legge til rette for entreprenørskap, nytenkning og innovasjon, og for at lokalt arbeids-, samfunns- og kulturliv involveres i opplæringen
• har innsikt i fellestrekk og ulikheter mellom de ulike yrkene innenfor eget programområde og kan utveksle synspunkter og erfaringer med andre med bakgrunn innenfor fagområdet og gjennom dette bidra til utvikling av god praksis
• kan bygge gode relasjoner til elever/lærlinger og skape konstruktive og inkluderende læringsmiljø
• kan bygge gode relasjoner til og samarbeide med foresatte og andre aktuelle samarbeidspartnere