Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing Programme description

The Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing is based on the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing and the regulations relating to the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing adopted by the Ministry of Education and Research on 1 December 2005 and meets the requirements stipulated in these documents. The programme has a scope of 90 credits, and is taken as a full-time course of study over one and a half years. After completing the programme, the students will have action competence in the field of intensive care nursing; see the requirements set out in the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing with pertaining regulations.

Intensive care nursingIntensive care nursing is special expertise in nursing acutely and/or critically ill patients with overt or potential failure of vital functions. Intensive care nursing involves taking active part in the process of restoring patients¿ health or enabling them to die with dignity. Among other things, intensive care nursing entails implementing life-saving treatment in acute situations and providing compensatory care in cases of serious failure of patients¿ organs or organ systems. The objective of intensive care nursing is to establish a therapeutic relationship with intensive care patients and their next of kin and to strengthen patients¿ physical, mental, social and spiritual capacity through preventive, therapeutic, pain-relieving, stress-relieving and rehabilitative activities.

Intensive care nursing consists of providing healthcare for acutely and/or critically ill patients of all ages. They are:

• patients in or at risk of an acute physiological crisis due to illness or injury
• patients who need to have their circulatory and respiratory balance restored and need relief of pain and other discomfort following surgery and anaesthesia
• patients with chronic diseases who suffer an additional illness or an acute exacerbation of their underlying condition

The target group for intensive care nursing includes patients¿ next of kin.

Relevance to working life

The Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing is intended to help to cover society¿s increasing need for specialist nursing skills, primarily in the specialist health service, but also in the municipal health service.

Intensive care nurses are in high demand, as they are key personnel in the specialist health service when it comes to providing professionally sound healthcare to acutely and critically ill patients. The specialist health service seeks intensive care nurses who practise their profession in a sound manner and on a scientific basis. Today, we can treat many diseases and injuries that could not be treated in the past. Also, the patients admitted to somatic hospitals are sicker than they used to be. This development makes new and stricter requirements of intensive care nurses. Society requires intensive care nurses to work in an evidence-based manner where their nursing practice is based on knowledge gained from research and experience, in addition to patient knowledge. Intensive care nurses shall be capable of analysing and taking a critical approach to existing theories and methods in advanced medical treatment and intensive care nursing. Moreover, they shall be able to contribute to new ideas and innovation processes in their own practice, and make independent use of relevant methods for quality-related work (quality improvement and quality control work) in the field of intensive care nursing. Intensive care nurses are qualified to take greater responsibility for evidence-based intensive care nursing of acutely and/or critically ill patients in and outside a hospital setting.

Intensive care nurses primarily work in specialist units such as intensive care units, medical intensive care units, postoperative units and accident and emergency departments. Other potential workplaces include intermediate care units, dialysis units, cardiology laboratories, the ambulance service and the air ambulance service. Intensive care nurses are also qualified to work in disaster and war areas.

The municipal health service is also experiencing a growing need for specialist nursing skills. The Act relating to Municipal Health and Care Services, etc. (the Health and Care Services Act) has given the municipalities a role in the treatment of acute-onset illness, exacerbation of chronic illness and in follow-up care for patients whose hospital treatment is finished. Therefore, intensive care nurses will also be in demand in the municipal health service.

Relevance to further studies

The Advanced Programme is identical to the first three semesters of the Master¿s Programme in Intensive Care Nursing at OsloMet ¿ Oslo Metropolitan University. Students who complete the Advanced Programme in Intensive Care Nursing in accordance with this programme description, will only have to write the master¿s thesis to be awarded the degree of Master of Intensive Care Nursing, provided that they meet the admission requirements for the master's degree programme.

The field of practice is an important qualification arena for developing action competence in intensive care nursing and evidence-based practice. Professionally sound intensive care nursing practice must be learned in direct interaction with patients. This is the only way in which students can gain experience and encounter challenges of sufficient complexity to allow them to achieve the programme¿s learning outcomes. When nursing acutely and/or critically ill patients, decisions must often be made quickly, and through practical training, students acquire the practical experience needed to develop an immediate understanding of the patients¿ situation and the knowledge and action required.

Practical training in the programme is organised as three courses with a total scope of 45 credits. When calculating the practical training, we assume that 5 days in practice is a week. Theory and / or study days are not included in the calculation of scope out in practice.

The practical training must make up no less than 50% and no more than 60% of the programme, and at least 90% of the clinical training must involve patient contact; see the requirements set out in the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing.

Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing

First semester: INTENPRA10, 20 credits (13 weeks - about 65 days of practical training)

Second semester: INTENPRA20, 15 credits (10 weeks - about 50 days of practical training)

Third semester: INTENPRA3, 10 credits (7 weeks - about 35 days of practical training)  

The practical training is organised such that on completion of the programme, the student will have gained experience of and developed intensive care nursing action competence in relation to all common conditions, important forms of treatment and different patient situations.

The practical training must include specialist departments where the patient's vital functions are threatened or failing. Students will primarily undergo practical training at:

• intensive care units where ventilator treatment is performed
• postoperative or recovery units
• medical intensive care units
• anaesthesia or surgical departments

Supervision Practical training will be supervised, and the student is guaranteed supervision by a nurse with advanced training or a master's degree in intensive care nursing.

Specification of learning outcomes

The student shall specify the learning outcomes for each course based on his/her own preconditions for learning and the framework conditions at the unit where the course is taken. This must be approved by the practical training supervisor and lecturer. These learning outcome descriptions must be concrete, relevant, realistic and measurable. They must describe observable behaviour, for example actions, performance or skills, or results of an unobservable mental behaviour such as a change in attitude. They are intended to help to clarify what the student needs to learn and which learning situations are required to achieve this. This provides a direction for the supervision/instruction required and indications for use in the assessment.

A conversation between the student, the practical training supervisor and the lecturer will take place within the first two or three weeks of a practical training course. The purpose of this conversation is to maintain continuity and progress in the student's learning and development. The lecturer and practical training supervisor must have received the student¿s specification of the learning outcomes in advance so that the conversation can be as constructive as possible.

Shifts The practical training courses comprise approx. 32 hours per week. The students must have at least eight evening shifts per month. The student prepares a shift plan for each course for approval by the university and the department where the student is taking the practical training. Continuity in supervision is a goal when preparing the shift plan, and the student should therefore follow the practical training supervisor¿s shift arrangements where possible.

Compulsory attendance at practical training

Attendance is compulsory in areas that are important for achieving action competence as an intensive care nurse and where the student cannot acquire knowledge through self-study. This means that attendance is compulsory during practical training. In order to pass a practical training course, the student must have attended at least 90% of the planned activities in each course. Students must make up for absence exceeding 10% by agreement with the lecturer and the practical training establishment. If a student¿s absence exceeds 20%, he/she will fail the course. Absence is calculated on the basis of the student¿s approved shift plan for each course.

Elective practical training Students have the opportunity to organise a total of 1¿6 weeks of elective practical training in the course of the programme. One or two of these weeks can consist of observational practice. For practical training in excess of two weeks, the student must document that he/she has performed practical nursing and received continuous supervision. The elective practical training must be taken at hospital departments relevant to the functions of an intensive care nurse. The student must contact the practical training establishment him/herself and submit a written application for elective practical training for the university¿s approval. Only students who have passed all their exams so far in the programme and are not at risk of failing a practical training assessment can be granted such approval. Elective practical training must be funded by the student.

OsloMet ¿ Oslo Metropolitan University has established cooperation with universities and university colleges in and outside Europe, and is a member of different academic networks. Students can apply to take parts of the programme abroad, preferably at institutions that OsloMet cooperates with. Students who wish to go on exchanges at other institutions will have to organise the exchange themselves and obtain the university's approval. They must expect to pay their own travel and accommodation expenses.

It is primarily the practical training courses in the second and third semesters that are suitable for exchanges. Only students who have passed all their exams so far in the programme and are not at risk of failing a practical training assessment can take these courses abroad.

The programme uses guest lecturers from foreign partner institutions, and the programme's own lecturers gain knowledge and experience through exchanges with the same institutions.

Required coursework is all types of work and tests that are conditions for being permitted to take the exam. In this programme, the required coursework comprises:

• written assignments
• documentation of literature selected by the student
• teaching/providing guidance to patients and fellow students
• specifying learning outcomes for practical training courses
• written self-assessment in practical training courses
• Advanced CPR ¿ simulation

The main purpose of coursework requirements is to promote the students¿ progress and academic development in the programme, stimulate students to seek out and acquire new knowledge, and facilitate cooperation and communication in relation to professional issues.

FeedbackThe students receive written and/or verbal feedback from the lecturer and/or fellow students on their written assignments based on the criteria of relevance, theoretical knowledge, in-depth study, ethical reflection, independence and how the assignment is presented (see Assessment of written work in the Assessment chapter of the programme description).

ApprovalRequired coursework is assessed as approved/not approved. Required coursework that is not approved must be improved before re-submission. If the work is not approved on re-submission, the student cannot take the ordinary exam. Students are entitled to a third attempt before the resit/rescheduled exam. If the third attempt at a coursework requirement is not approved, the student cannot take the resit/rescheduled exam and will have to wait until the ordinary exam for the following year. The student will then be entitled to three new attempts with the new class.

Students will encounter different forms of assessment during the programme. The forms of assessment are intended to ensure a continuous process towards a twofold objective: to promote learning and document the competence achieved by the students as sufficient in relation to the applicable learning outcomes. By giving the student qualified and frequent feedback in relation to both processes and products, the information about the competence achieved can motivate the student¿s further efforts and show whether the forms of learning should be adjusted.

Each course concludes with a summative assessment. The assessment is based on the learning outcomes for the course, and what is assessed is whether the student has achieved the stipulated learning outcomes.

The assessments are carried out in accordance with the Act relating to Universities and University Colleges, the Regulations relating to Studies and Examinations at OsloMet, and the Guidelines for Appointment and Use of Examiners.

AssessmentThe grades used are pass/fail or a grade scale with letter grades from A to F, where A is the highest grade, E is the lowest pass grade and F is a fail. In connection with group exams, all students in the group are awarded the same grade.

Resits/rescheduled exams

Resit and rescheduled exams are carried out in the same manner as the ordinary exam unless otherwise specified in the course description. In special cases, resit and rescheduled exams in courses with group exams may be held as individual exams.

Appeals against grades

Grades awarded for written exams can be appealed. It is not possible to appeal the grades awarded for oral and practical exams. In connection with a group exam, the result of an appeal will only have consequences for the candidate(s) who submitted the appeal. The other students will keep their original grade.

Assessment of written work

Written work, such as the required coursework and exam papers for ABIO6100 and INTEN6100, is assessed on the basis of the criteria of relevance, theoretical knowledge, in-depth study, ethical reflection, independence and how the work is presented.

Relevance:                                 

The work must have a frame of reference that is relevant to the discipline and show that the student has applied theoretical and practical knowledge of relevance to the issue at hand. It must be linked to the intensive care nurse¿s functions and areas of responsibility.

Theoretical knowledge:       

The work must demonstrate knowledge in the independent and delegated functions of the intensive care nurse (medicine). It must contain relevant documentation from the course literature and other relevant literature and research.

In-depth study:                        

The student must elaborate on and discuss different factors that have an effect on the issue at hand and discuss how the knowledge produced can be applied in a clinical setting. Experience from practical work and literature should be used as a basis for discussing the assignment. The work must answer the issue in question.

Ethical reflection:                  

Ethical factors relating to the issue must be discussed.

Independence:                         

The work must demonstrate independent assessment, and its content must be objective, critical and analytical with discussions of positions and claims.

How the work is presented:

The assignment must be well-organised with good written presentation, clear and unambiguous language with use of specialised terminology, and adhere to the prescribed structure and form.

Students are only entitled to feedback if their work is completed within the deadline stipulated.

Assessment of practical training

Students are subject to formativeassessment (continuous assessment) on a continuous basis throughout all the practical training courses. The assessment is intended to provide advice and guidance by determining progress, helping to improve strengths and drawing attention to areas the student needs to continue to work on. It should take account of the student's preconditions for learning, framework conditions at the practical training establishment, the learning outcomes in the course, the student¿s specification of the learning outcomes and the content of the supervision.

Both the student and the practical training supervisor shall prepare written assessments for each practical training course: 

• The student must submit at least one written self-assessment per month.
• The practical training supervisor must submit written assessments of the student from days or periods of supervision.

Students are expected to show progress through the practical training courses. The student is expected to demonstrate clear progress, take responsibility and, to an increasing extent, demonstrate the ability to make independent analyses and assessments in intensive care nursing practice. The requirement for an increasing degree of independence is expressed in the learning outcomes through the use of the expressions ¿under supervision¿, ¿with some supervision¿ and ¿independently¿. The progress in the student¿s learning is also manifested in the expectation that students should master an increasing number of areas in intensive care nursing. On completion of the final practical training course, Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Level 3, the student is expected to have achieved intensive care nursing action competence.

The summative assessment (product assessment) takes place at the end of each practical training course. The assessments are based on the learning outcomes for the course, the student's specification of the learning outcomes and the formative assessment made of the student during the course. The purpose of these assessments is to:

• check that the student has achieved the learning outcomes for the course
• discuss the possibilities and limitations that the student has encountered at the practical training establishment
• clarify strengths and weaknesses and the changes that have to be made in order for the student to achieve the learning outcomes when a student has failed the course

The lecturer plans the assessments together with the practical training supervisor. The student writes his/her own assessment based on the programme¿s assessment form. This assessment, together with the lecturer¿s and the practical training supervisor's assessments, form the basis for the decision on whether or not the student has passed the clinical course. Students who fail a period of practical training must retake the whole training period.

External programme supervisor

An external programme supervisor scheme exists for the programme. The duties of the external programme supervisor are to:

• supervise the standard of the results in the programme compared with the standard of the results in comparative programmes
• assess the connections between the programme description's learning outcomes, teaching and types of assessment
• give the academic environments/faculties feedback and advice that can be used in the ongoing work on programme quality.

The reading list totals approx. 6,000 pages, of which approx. 1,000 pages are chosen by the student. The syllabus selected by the students should be related to the in-depth assignment and the written assignments that make up the required coursework (1,000 pages).

The field of practice is an important qualification arena for developing action competence in intensive care nursing and evidence-based practice. Professionally sound intensive care nursing practice must be learned in direct interaction with patients. This is the only way in which students can gain experience and encounter challenges of sufficient complexity to allow them to achieve the programme¿s learning outcomes. When nursing acutely and/or critically ill patients, decisions must often be made quickly, and through practical training, students acquire the practical experience needed to develop an immediate understanding of the patients¿ situation and the knowledge and action required.

Practical training in the programme is organised as three courses with a total scope of 45 credits. When calculating the practical training, we assume that 5 days in practice is a week. Theory and / or study days are not included in the calculation of scope out in practice.

The practical training must make up no less than 50% and no more than 60% of the programme, and at least 90% of the clinical training must involve patient contact; see the requirements set out in the national curriculum for further education in intensive care nursing.

Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing

First semester: INTENPRA10, 20 credits (13 weeks - about 65 days of practical training)

Second semester: INTENPRA20, 15 credits (10 weeks - about 50 days of practical training)

Third semester: INTENPRA3, 10 credits (7 weeks - about 35 days of practical training)  

The practical training is organised such that on completion of the programme, the student will have gained experience of and developed intensive care nursing action competence in relation to all common conditions, important forms of treatment and different patient situations.

The practical training must include specialist departments where the patient's vital functions are threatened or failing. Students will primarily undergo practical training at:

• intensive care units where ventilator treatment is performed
• postoperative or recovery units
• medical intensive care units
• anaesthesia or surgical departments

Supervision Practical training will be supervised, and the student is guaranteed supervision by a nurse with advanced training or a master's degree in intensive care nursing.

Specification of learning outcomes

The student shall specify the learning outcomes for each course based on his/her own preconditions for learning and the framework conditions at the unit where the course is taken. This must be approved by the practical training supervisor and lecturer. These learning outcome descriptions must be concrete, relevant, realistic and measurable. They must describe observable behaviour, for example actions, performance or skills, or results of an unobservable mental behaviour such as a change in attitude. They are intended to help to clarify what the student needs to learn and which learning situations are required to achieve this. This provides a direction for the supervision/instruction required and indications for use in the assessment.

A conversation between the student, the practical training supervisor and the lecturer will take place within the first two or three weeks of a practical training course. The purpose of this conversation is to maintain continuity and progress in the student's learning and development. The lecturer and practical training supervisor must have received the student¿s specification of the learning outcomes in advance so that the conversation can be as constructive as possible.

Shifts The practical training courses comprise approx. 32 hours per week. The students must have at least eight evening shifts per month. The student prepares a shift plan for each course for approval by the university and the department where the student is taking the practical training. Continuity in supervision is a goal when preparing the shift plan, and the student should therefore follow the practical training supervisor¿s shift arrangements where possible.

Compulsory attendance at practical training

Attendance is compulsory in areas that are important for achieving action competence as an intensive care nurse and where the student cannot acquire knowledge through self-study. This means that attendance is compulsory during practical training. In order to pass a practical training course, the student must have attended at least 90% of the planned activities in each course. Students must make up for absence exceeding 10% by agreement with the lecturer and the practical training establishment. If a student¿s absence exceeds 20%, he/she will fail the course. Absence is calculated on the basis of the student¿s approved shift plan for each course.

Elective practical training Students have the opportunity to organise a total of 1¿6 weeks of elective practical training in the course of the programme. One or two of these weeks can consist of observational practice. For practical training in excess of two weeks, the student must document that he/she has performed practical nursing and received continuous supervision. The elective practical training must be taken at hospital departments relevant to the functions of an intensive care nurse. The student must contact the practical training establishment him/herself and submit a written application for elective practical training for the university¿s approval. Only students who have passed all their exams so far in the programme and are not at risk of failing a practical training assessment can be granted such approval. Elective practical training must be funded by the student.

OsloMet ¿ Oslo Metropolitan University has established cooperation with universities and university colleges in and outside Europe, and is a member of different academic networks. Students can apply to take parts of the programme abroad, preferably at institutions that OsloMet cooperates with. Students who wish to go on exchanges at other institutions will have to organise the exchange themselves and obtain the university's approval. They must expect to pay their own travel and accommodation expenses.

It is primarily the practical training courses in the second and third semesters that are suitable for exchanges. Only students who have passed all their exams so far in the programme and are not at risk of failing a practical training assessment can take these courses abroad.

The programme uses guest lecturers from foreign partner institutions, and the programme's own lecturers gain knowledge and experience through exchanges with the same institutions.

Required coursework is all types of work and tests that are conditions for being permitted to take the exam. In this programme, the required coursework comprises:

• written assignments
• documentation of literature selected by the student
• teaching/providing guidance to patients and fellow students
• specifying learning outcomes for practical training courses
• written self-assessment in practical training courses
• Advanced CPR ¿ simulation

The main purpose of coursework requirements is to promote the students¿ progress and academic development in the programme, stimulate students to seek out and acquire new knowledge, and facilitate cooperation and communication in relation to professional issues.

FeedbackThe students receive written and/or verbal feedback from the lecturer and/or fellow students on their written assignments based on the criteria of relevance, theoretical knowledge, in-depth study, ethical reflection, independence and how the assignment is presented (see Assessment of written work in the Assessment chapter of the programme description).

ApprovalRequired coursework is assessed as approved/not approved. Required coursework that is not approved must be improved before re-submission. If the work is not approved on re-submission, the student cannot take the ordinary exam. Students are entitled to a third attempt before the resit/rescheduled exam. If the third attempt at a coursework requirement is not approved, the student cannot take the resit/rescheduled exam and will have to wait until the ordinary exam for the following year. The student will then be entitled to three new attempts with the new class.

Students will encounter different forms of assessment during the programme. The forms of assessment are intended to ensure a continuous process towards a twofold objective: to promote learning and document the competence achieved by the students as sufficient in relation to the applicable learning outcomes. By giving the student qualified and frequent feedback in relation to both processes and products, the information about the competence achieved can motivate the student¿s further efforts and show whether the forms of learning should be adjusted.

Each course concludes with a summative assessment. The assessment is based on the learning outcomes for the course, and what is assessed is whether the student has achieved the stipulated learning outcomes.

The assessments are carried out in accordance with the Act relating to Universities and University Colleges, the Regulations relating to Studies and Examinations at OsloMet, and the Guidelines for Appointment and Use of Examiners.

AssessmentThe grades used are pass/fail or a grade scale with letter grades from A to F, where A is the highest grade, E is the lowest pass grade and F is a fail. In connection with group exams, all students in the group are awarded the same grade.

Resits/rescheduled exams

Resit and rescheduled exams are carried out in the same manner as the ordinary exam unless otherwise specified in the course description. In special cases, resit and rescheduled exams in courses with group exams may be held as individual exams.

Appeals against grades

Grades awarded for written exams can be appealed. It is not possible to appeal the grades awarded for oral and practical exams. In connection with a group exam, the result of an appeal will only have consequences for the candidate(s) who submitted the appeal. The other students will keep their original grade.

Assessment of written work

Written work, such as the required coursework and exam papers for ABIO6100 and INTEN6100, is assessed on the basis of the criteria of relevance, theoretical knowledge, in-depth study, ethical reflection, independence and how the work is presented.

Relevance:                                 

The work must have a frame of reference that is relevant to the discipline and show that the student has applied theoretical and practical knowledge of relevance to the issue at hand. It must be linked to the intensive care nurse¿s functions and areas of responsibility.

Theoretical knowledge:       

The work must demonstrate knowledge in the independent and delegated functions of the intensive care nurse (medicine). It must contain relevant documentation from the course literature and other relevant literature and research.

In-depth study:                        

The student must elaborate on and discuss different factors that have an effect on the issue at hand and discuss how the knowledge produced can be applied in a clinical setting. Experience from practical work and literature should be used as a basis for discussing the assignment. The work must answer the issue in question.

Ethical reflection:                  

Ethical factors relating to the issue must be discussed.

Independence:                         

The work must demonstrate independent assessment, and its content must be objective, critical and analytical with discussions of positions and claims.

How the work is presented:

The assignment must be well-organised with good written presentation, clear and unambiguous language with use of specialised terminology, and adhere to the prescribed structure and form.

Students are only entitled to feedback if their work is completed within the deadline stipulated.

Assessment of practical training

Students are subject to formativeassessment (continuous assessment) on a continuous basis throughout all the practical training courses. The assessment is intended to provide advice and guidance by determining progress, helping to improve strengths and drawing attention to areas the student needs to continue to work on. It should take account of the student's preconditions for learning, framework conditions at the practical training establishment, the learning outcomes in the course, the student¿s specification of the learning outcomes and the content of the supervision.

Both the student and the practical training supervisor shall prepare written assessments for each practical training course: 

• The student must submit at least one written self-assessment per month.
• The practical training supervisor must submit written assessments of the student from days or periods of supervision.

Students are expected to show progress through the practical training courses. The student is expected to demonstrate clear progress, take responsibility and, to an increasing extent, demonstrate the ability to make independent analyses and assessments in intensive care nursing practice. The requirement for an increasing degree of independence is expressed in the learning outcomes through the use of the expressions ¿under supervision¿, ¿with some supervision¿ and ¿independently¿. The progress in the student¿s learning is also manifested in the expectation that students should master an increasing number of areas in intensive care nursing. On completion of the final practical training course, Clinical Studies in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Level 3, the student is expected to have achieved intensive care nursing action competence.

The summative assessment (product assessment) takes place at the end of each practical training course. The assessments are based on the learning outcomes for the course, the student's specification of the learning outcomes and the formative assessment made of the student during the course. The purpose of these assessments is to:

• check that the student has achieved the learning outcomes for the course
• discuss the possibilities and limitations that the student has encountered at the practical training establishment
• clarify strengths and weaknesses and the changes that have to be made in order for the student to achieve the learning outcomes when a student has failed the course

The lecturer plans the assessments together with the practical training supervisor. The student writes his/her own assessment based on the programme¿s assessment form. This assessment, together with the lecturer¿s and the practical training supervisor's assessments, form the basis for the decision on whether or not the student has passed the clinical course. Students who fail a period of practical training must retake the whole training period.

External programme supervisor

An external programme supervisor scheme exists for the programme. The duties of the external programme supervisor are to:

• supervise the standard of the results in the programme compared with the standard of the results in comparative programmes
• assess the connections between the programme description's learning outcomes, teaching and types of assessment
• give the academic environments/faculties feedback and advice that can be used in the ongoing work on programme quality.

The reading list totals approx. 6,000 pages, of which approx. 1,000 pages are chosen by the student. The syllabus selected by the students should be related to the in-depth assignment and the written assignments that make up the required coursework (1,000 pages).