SYKPPRA20K Nursing Patients with Acute, Critical and Chronic Diseases 1 Course description

This course teaches students about patients and next-of-kin in an acute and critical context, and what the nurse’s areas of responsibility entail. Students will learn to communicate and cooperate with patients and next-of-kin in situations of stress and crisis. They will also become familiar with key phenomena in nursing, such as hope, insecurity, fear, fatigue, pain and nausea. Systematic observation and assessment, nursing of somatic diseases, pre and postoperative nursing, competent drug administration and health guidance are also part of the course.

Practical training is the parts of the programme that take place in real-life working situations. The practical training is compulsory, and must have a scope of at least 18 weeks (30 credits). Practical training is organised in such a way that the students will encounter users from all age groups and have the opportunity to take part in interprofessional cooperation. Through the practical training, students are assigned tasks that provide the opportunity to discover and explore prosthetics and orthotics issues, and which require them to work in an evidence-based and patient/person-centred manner. The practical training is an important arena for learning and development of the students’ understanding of the profession, skills, interprofessional cooperation and professional communication.

Practical training ranges from one day of observation to six-week periods of supervised practical training in all three years of the programme.

Observational practice can be carried out at orthopaedic technology enterprises, rehabilitation institutions, assistive technology centres and with orthopaedic appliance suppliers. Supervised practical training is mainly carried out in private orthopaedic technology enterprises.

Supervised practical training

Supervised practical training makes up the main part of the practical training. The placement periods are intended to give students competence in integrating theoretical and evidence-based knowledge with clinical knowledge and to further develop their technical skills. Direct contact with users and other partners in real-life situations form the basis for the students’ acquisition of knowledge, skills and general competence.

Learning outcomes become more advanced from one period to the next, both in terms of knowledge and skills and when it comes to taking responsibility and being capable of working independently.

Requirements for supervision and assessment of students apply to the practical training. The assessment is based on the student's achievement of the learning outcomes for the placement period and suitability assessments on a continuous basis in line with the university's assessment system. This means that a supervisor from the field of practice, referred to as a practical training supervisor, will follow up the student in cooperation with a contact lecturer from the university. The midway and final assessments are carried out by the practical training supervisor in cooperation with the contact lecturer.

OsloMet has, as the only national programme, cooperation agreements with orthopaedic technology enterprises all over Norway. The students must therefore expect a longer commute and/or stay outside the Oslo area during the practical training.

Students must comply with the clothing regulations in force at the practical training establishment. Special requirements for tests or vaccinations may apply at individual practical training establishments.

• Approved work requirements from SYKK/SYKP1300 Pharmacology and Drug Administration, 5 credits

Passed course:

• SYKP/SYKP1000 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, 13 credits
• SYKK/SYKP1100 Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, 12 credits
• SYKK/SYKP1200 Microbiology and Infection Control, 5 credits
• Passed part 1 Practical training from course SYKK/SYKPPRA10 Fundamentals of Nursing (year group 2020)
• SYKK/SYKPPRA10 Fundamentals of Nursing, 15 credits (year group 2021)

or equivalent.

After completing the course, the student is expected to have achieved the following learning outcomes defined in terms of knowledge, skills and competence:

Knowledge

The student

• is capable of describing the patients’ subjective experiences of disease and suffering and the importance of hope amidst serious illness
• is capable of explaining the most common reactions to crises in the event of illness and loss
• is capable of describing patient-centred nursing of children and adults
• is capable of describing pre and postoperative nursing of children and adults
• is capable of describing the phenomena pain, treatment of pain and pain relief
• is capable of explaining key concepts in the nurse’s pedagogical responsibilities: guidance, counselling, health guidance and shared decision-making
• is capable of explaining how the patient’s health competence is significant for life style changes and shared decision-making

Skills

The student

• is capable of performing nursing work through systematic observation, assessment and documentation of the patient’s resources, problems and needs
• is capable of applying mapping tools such as ABCDE (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, expose) and NEWS (National Early Warning Score) and the communication tool ISBAR (Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation)
• is familiar with the classification system (ICNP® - International Classification for Nursing Practice)
• is capable of carrying out and assessing relevant nursing procedures
• is capable of applying relevant medical technology in the practical performance of nursing
• is capable of recognising stress and crisis situations in the event of loss and disease and adapting communication based on this
• is capable of communicating with children, adolescents and parents/guardians adapted to the level of development/cognitive function and the condition
• is capable of applying educational principles when imparting information, teaching and counselling patients and next-of-kin
• is capable of implementing measures in the event of sub-acute and acute incidents
• is capable of identifying ethical dilemmas in practice and reflect on different choices of action
• is capable of carrying out and explaining nursing to patients with the most common symptoms, diseases, care pathways and treatment in the nursing practice

Competence

The student is capable of

• integrating knowledge from pathophysiology and pharmacology in the performance of nursing
• reflecting on responsible drug administration at an individual and systematic level
• demonstrating responsibility, engagement, independence and can follow professional ethical guidelines when encountering patients, next-of-kin and colleagues
• reflecting on his/her own professional practice and progression
• reflecting on how culture and a cultural understanding can be significant in assessments, planning, performance and evaluation of nursing

The Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Prosthetics and Orthotics is a three-year programme of professional study (180 credits), and students who complete the programme are awarded a Bachelor’s Degree in Prosthetics and Orthotics. After completing the programme and two years of approved practical training, candidates can apply for authorisation as a prosthetist/orthotist pursuant to the Act relating to Health Personnel etc.

The programme description has been devised on the basis of the National Regulations relating to a Common Curriculum for Health and Social Care Education and the Regulations relating to national guidelines for prosthetics and orthotics adopted by the Ministry of Education and Research. The programme was established under the Act relating to Universities and University Colleges and the Regulations relating to Studies and Examinations at OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University. The programme description also complies with the recommended guidelines for study programmes issued by the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO).

In accordance with Section 2 of the Regulations relating to national guidelines for prosthetics and orthotics education, the goal of the prosthetics and orthotics programme is to educate reflected and professionally competent prosthetists who can contribute to creating better preconditions for health, quality of life and participation throughout the lives of users of orthopaedic appliances.

Throughout the programme, the student will gain clinical expertise, including skills in designing and adapting orthopaedic appliances (prostheses, orthoses and orthopaedic shoes). Anatomy, physiology, pathology, biomechanics and material technology are key subjects in the programme and form the basis of this expertise. Knowledge from both health and engineering disciplines is combined in the field of prosthetics and orthotics.

The students will learn to carry out clinical assessments and adapt orthopaedic appliances, and acquire knowledge and skills about how to improve the patient's function, correct deformities and prevent pain and/or injuries. To make good assessments during the production of orthopaedic appliances, it is important to acquire knowledge about the properties of materials and the choice of components and joints. In this work, orthopaedic technicians are particularly important partners. Innovative approaches and processes are decisive for a good result. Over the course of the programme, the students will also develop competence in how data technology can be applied, both in clinical evaluations and in the production of individually adapted orthopaedic appliances.

Prosthetists work with people of all ages, with different needs and disabilities, and from different social and cultural backgrounds. Through the programme, the students will develop an awareness of and skills in communication and cooperation with patients, next of kin and other health science professionals. Prosthetists participate in interprofessional teams and sometimes function as consultants when users have complex needs that can only be assessed and resolved through cooperation between several professional groups and/or public agencies.

Prosthetists develop orthopaedic appliances in accordance with technological progress and are actors in quality improvement and development of knowledge-based and sustainable assistive technology in healthcare. Assistive technology is a key part of the programme and prosthetists work on a broad spectre of orthopaedic appliances. The patients’ wishes and expectations regarding activity and participation necessitate well-adapted prostheses and orthoses, and the population’s increasing life expectancy entails a greater need for orthopaedic appliances. The demand for prosthetists is high, both nationally and internationally.

Relevance to working life

Most prosthetists work in private and public orthopaedic technology enterprises. Some enterprises are located in major hospitals. Other potential workplaces include the public administration, special interest organisations for people with disabilities, and enterprises and public agencies that provide medical technology equipment to the healthcare sector. Prosthetists also work in teaching and research.

Relevance to further education

A bachelor's degree in prosthetics and orthotics qualifies students for admission to several different master’s degree programmes, both at OsloMet and at other institutions in Norway and abroad. Master’s degrees in rehabilitation and habilitation, health sciences, biomechanics and movement sciences are particularly relevant.

The target group is everyone who wants to take a bachelor’s degree in prosthetics and orthotics, both for professional practice and as the starting point for further studies. Applicants should be motivated for work in rehabilitation and have technical and practical interest.

The admission requirements are the Higher Education Entrance Qualification or prior learning and work experience. Mathematics R1 + R2 and Physics FYS1 are also requirements.

Applicants must submit a transcript of police records in connection with admission to the programme, cf. the Regulations concerning Admission to Higher Education.

The use of clothing that covers the face is incompatible with taking the programme's theoretical and practical training courses in accordance with the Act relating to Universities and University Colleges. During the practical training, the students must comply with the clothing regulations in force at all times at the relevant practical training establishment.

Applicants should be aware that the students will have to conduct physical examinations of each other, and that they will not be divided by gender in examinations and skills training sessions.

After completing the Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Prosthetics and Orthotics, the candidate should have the following overall learning outcomes defined in terms of knowledge, skills and general competence:

Knowledge

The candidate

• has broad knowledge of scientific, technological and social science subjects that are essential in a prosthetist's professional practice
• has broad knowledge of the prosthetist's role and function in preventive, therapeutic and (re)habilitative activities
• is familiar with prosthetics and orthotics’ history, traditions, characteristics, place in society and the discipline in an international context
• is familiar with global challenges relating to assistive technology, public health and the environment in a changing society
• has knowledge of social circumstances and cultural diversity with a bearing on professional practice at the national and international level
• is familiar with research and development work of relevance to prosthetics and orthotics

Skills

The candidate

• can develop and implement a user-centred follow-up plan in an independent manner
• can apply knowledge of prosthetics and orthotics and relevant results from research and development work to practical and theoretical problems and make well-founded choices
• can carry out clinical and orthopaedic technology procedures and processes involved in prevention, treatment and (re)habilitation for persons in need of prostheses and/or orthoses
• can apply relevant materials, equipment, components and techniques
• can explore new and sustainable technology and consider potential areas of application in the field of prosthetics and orthotics
• can find, assess and refer to knowledge-based information and literature and present it in a way that elucidates a problem

General competence

The candidate

• can communicate with users and other partners in a professional manner and practise the profession in an ethically sound manner
• can take a professional approach in a diverse society
• can cooperate in a user-centred and interprofessional manner
• can take an active role in quality assurance, improvement and development, innovation and promotion of services, and professional practice
• can independently apply knowledge and skills by demonstrating cooperation skills and responsibility, and has the ability to reflect on and take a critical approach in his/her professional practice
• can identify own learning and competence needs to be able to keep up to date
• can adhere to national legislation and national and international guidelines
• can, alone or as part of a group, plan and implement relevant projects and complex tasks that take place over time, which can contribute to developing good practices
• can demonstrate insight into creative processes and apply methods used in innovation, service development and entrepreneurship
• can update his/her knowledge in fields relevant to prosthetics and orthotics activities

The content and structure of the study programme are based on the following six competence areas defined in Section 3 of the Regulations relating to national guidelines for prosthetics and orthotics education:

• Technology in Prosthetics and Orthotics – practice and theory
• The functions of the body and biomechanics
• Materials technology and design
• Profession, psychology and communication
• Society, public health and ethics
• Habilitation, rehabilitation and cooperation
• Innovation, production and quality assurance
• Theory of science and research methods

The programme is divided into 17 compulsory courses and incorporates both practical and theoretical teaching at the university and in external practical training. Each year of the programme has a scope of 60 credits.

The first year of study is divided into six courses. Students are introduced to knowledge about the healthcare system, legislation, and public health. Additionally, they acquire fundamental knowledge about the human being, professional practice in clinical and orthopaedic technology, and lower and upper leg prostheses.

The second year of study is divided into six courses. Students learn about evidence-based practice, the theory of science, and research methodology. Furthermore, the focus is on disease processes and diseases relevant to the field of prosthetics and orthotics, and on different types of foot aids and lower limb and spinal orthoses.

The third year of study is divided into five courses. Students are introduced to digital competence and innovation processes in health. They undertake practical training in the subject area lower limb orthoses and acquire knowledge of some of the rarer and more complex orthopaedic appliances. The student will also delve into materials, design, service development, innovation processes and entrepreneurship. The work on the bachelor’s thesis is related to research and development projects available at OsloMet or with other partners.

The study programme’s courses build on one another with gradual progression both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. All courses have a final exam and/or assessment. Reference is made to the course descriptions for more detailed information about the content of the individual courses.

The academic year is 40 weeks long, and the expected workload is 40 hours per week. This includes scheduled activities, the students’ own activity, required coursework and exams.

INTERACT – Interdisciplinary teaching activity at OsloMet

INTERACT (Interprofessional Interaction with Children and Youths – INTER1100, INTER1200 and INTER1300) is an interdisciplinary teaching project at OsloMet, where students from both the health and social care subjects and the teacher/kindergarten teacher education programmes come together in interdisciplinary groups. The purpose is to ensure that the students acquire the skills needed to meet society’s demand for better coordination of services that concern children and young people. INTERACT is based on pedagogical principles of interactivity and spiral learning, with extensive use of digital learning and assessment tools to support learning.

The teaching (INTER1100, INTER1200 and INTER1300) is carried out in the first week of teaching each spring semester for students in the first, second and third year of the programme, respectively. For more details, see: https://www.oslomet.no/forskning/forskningsprosjekter/interact

Participation in INTERACT (INTER1100, INTER1200, and INTER1300) is required and must be approved to be awarded a diploma.

Study progress

The following progress requirements apply to the programme:

• Students must have passed the first year of the programme before they can start the second year*
• Students must have passed the second year of the programme before they can start the third year**

*Exceptions from the progress requirement:

• The course ORI1050 Public Health and Health Administration is exempt from the progress requirement
• The course ORI1060 Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Health Care can be started even if not all courses from the first year of study have been passed

** Exceptions from the progress requirement:

• The course ORI1060 Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Health Care is exempt from the progress requirement
• The course ORI3200 Digital Competence and Innovation in Health can be started even if not all courses from the second year of study have been passed

The programme’s learning outcomes cover a broad spectrum. The work and teaching methods facilitate the integration of knowledge, skills and general competence and are designed to have the greatest possible transfer value to professional practice. Emphasis is therefore placed on using a variety of work methods and alternating between theoretical studies and practical training.

Teaching activities are intended to stimulate active learning and engagement. A considerable amount of self-study is required, as good learning outcomes first and foremost depend on the student's own efforts. This applies both to preparing for and benefiting from teaching activities and academic supervision, but also to attend prepared to skills training that includes clinical and technical processes. Self-study includes both cooperation with fellow students and individual work.

Different types of digital technology are used in the programme to stimulate student-active learning and collaboration. These resources can be used in students’ preparations for teaching activities, as support in collaborative processes or to help practise or test the student’s own knowledge.

The students will receive follow-up throughout the programme in the form of supervision and feedback. The students will at times assess each other’s work and provide feedback to each other. It is also an express expectation that all students contribute to creating a good learning environment for their fellow students through active participation in the different work and teaching methods. More detailed descriptions of the most common work and teaching methods used in the programme are provided below. The individual course descriptions state which work methods each course employs.

Self-study

The attainment of the learning outcomes requires a high degree of self-study. Self-study entails both individual work and cooperation with fellow students, and an awareness of how you best learn. It is recommended that students take the initiative to form study groups.

Group work

Group work is a learning method used in most courses. Students cooperate on specific issues and practical assignments under supervision. Group work is intended to support the learning of subject matter and simultaneously provide training in cooperation, interaction and communication skills, which are necessary in professional practice. When cooperating with others, students are expected to show an interest, behave in a respectful manner and ensure that everyone in the group has been heard in relation to decision-making.

Skills training

Skills training under supervision is a key method used throughout the programme. The students practise tasks that facilitate the development of clinical, practical and technical skills. Skills training is carried out as courses or at the programme’s laboratories at the university. The skills training comprises assignments related to the production of different orthopaedic appliances, work on plaster models and clinical exercises.The assignments can comprise receiving patients, taking a patient’s history and functional examinations. Training clinics are also carried out during the programme, in which the students receive training and supervision when working with live patient models.

The purpose of skills training is to develop action competence, but also to support the understanding of theory by applying it in skills training. Through skills training, the students also experience being assessed by others, thereby experiencing what it is like to be a patient.

Seminars

Seminars are a complex teaching and work method whose main purpose is the processing of subject matter and to provide an arena for discussion between students and the teaching staff. This method requires students to prepare in advance and participate actively in the seminars. Seminars can comprise different activities: short lectures or presentations by the lecturer, presentations by students, discussions, group work, assignments and practical exercises.

Lectures

The field is constantly developing, and resource lectures are primarily used to introduce new subject matter. Lectures are intended to highlight connections and main elements in important topics and to communicate relevant issues. Lectures can be held in auditoriums or made available in a digital format.

Project work

Through project work, the students will learn to identify connections and gain a deeper understanding of the field. They will prepare research questions and work systematically on the problem-solving process, both individually and in cooperation with others. Project work and other forms of group work usually conclude in a seminar with presentations and discussion, but can also conclude in a written report and poster.

Written assignments and bachelor’s thesis

Through written assignments and the bachelor’s thesis, students will formulate research questions for assignments and work on them over time, either individually or in cooperation with other students. They will learn theory and develop skills in using and referencing sources, analysis, discussion and written and oral communication. The primary purpose of this is to develop their ability to reflect critically and search for relevant research knowledge, and their ability to work in an evidence-based manner.

Internationalisation contributes to raising the quality of education and strengthens the academic community on the programme, at the same time as it prepares the students to function in an increasingly international world. Healthcare professionals must be capable of practising their profession in a diverse society whether they work in Norway or abroad. Global and multicultural issues and perspectives are therefore in focus throughout the programme. The labour market is becoming increasingly international, and this will make knowledge of language and culture more and more important.

International perspectives form part of the learning outcomes in all courses to which they are relevant. It is important for all students to see the profession and function of prosthetists in an international context.

Students on the Bachelor's Degree Programme in Prosthetics and Orthotics will be well trained in the English language and well equipped to understand and use English specialist terminology. Some of the teaching will be conducted in English. Parts of the course literature is in English to allow students to learn the terminology and gain insight into international research. Students therefore learn the specialist terminology in both Norwegian and English.

OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University has exchange agreements with university colleges and universities in several countries. Students have the opportunity to study abroad in connection with the course ORI3900 Bachelor Thesis (15 credits) in the sixth semester. Visiting students can take ORI3000 Sustainable Materials, Design and Innovation (15 credits) alongside Norwegian students in the fifth semester, and potentially combine this with courses offered by other programmes within the faculty.

Reference is made to OsloMet's criteria for student exchanges and information about stays abroad.

Virtual exchange programmes with other prosthetics and orthotics programmes are offered to students who wish to improve their expertise in the field of internationalisation without moving abroad during their studies. This means that the students carry out digital group work together with students from other prosthetics and orthotics programmes abroad.

As the only Norwegian educational institution to train prosthetists, it is particularly important for OsloMet that its staff engage in international cooperation in order to comply with the international standards for such education. The staff participate in networks, projects and research collaboration with colleagues in other countries, and foreign guest lecturers are used in teaching activities.