ØASØK4200 Environmental Economics Course description

Economic activities impact the environment. Plastics end up in the ocean, producing one T-shirt consumes thousands of liters of water, and salmon farmers pour toxic chemicals into the seas to fight lice infestations. Economists see the natural world around them as providing environmental goods and services that we all enjoy, such as a lake to swim in, drinking water, or a forest that filters the air. Those environmental goods are not easily traded in a market because of their public good characteristics. And pollution to an economist is an unintended byproduct - an externality - of activities that are otherwise desirable, like flying to New York, assembling computers, or eating dinner.

This course teaches students to think like economists about a wide range of environmental problems, from small, local ones like noise from a train track to the biggest one of them all, climate change. We discuss how to judge a particular amount of pollution - is it economically efficient, is it fair? Pollution characteristics - does the location of polluters and polluted matter, does pollution accumulate in the air or water? - determine how we go about trying to establish optimal levels of pollution - for example air pollution in Oslo.

We will discuss ways to "put a price" on the environment and to carry out cost-benefit-analysis to decide whether projects that have environmental impacts - such as a new highway into Oslo - are worth carrying out.

Students also learn about the economics of environmental regulation. We can try to reduce pollution in many ways: by providing information, `nudging´ people to `do the right thing´, subsidizing clean technologies, taxing emissions, creating cap-and-trade markets, or outright banning substances.

Finally, students will think about how green technology is developed and can be incentivized by policy.

Language of instruction is English.

Forelesninger, egne studier, casediskusjoner.

None

After completing the course, the student should have the following overall learning outcomes defined in terms of knowledge, skills and general competence:

Knowledge

Students will gain insight into

• the fundamental ideas of the environment as provider of economic goods and services, and of pollution as being the unintended byproduct of economic actions
• a range of important environmental problems caused by economic activity, and their economic characteristics
• different economic types of regulation addressing pollution
• the importance of context in economic analysis of the environment
• different methods to investigate the impact of pollution and regulations

Skills

The students will learn how to

• use economic analysis and modeling to assess pollution
• use economic analysis to assess environmental regulation
• understand empirical evidence regarding environmental problems and potential solutions
• critically assess economic analyses directed at environmental problems

General competence

The student is more able to

• use English as the professional language in Economics
• use environmental economics insights in a professional setting, for example for cost-benefit analysis or concerning sustainability issues

Lectures with active student participation.

The following coursework requirements must have been approved in order for the student to take the exam:

• Coursework 1: Written assignment. Group work. Maximum 5 pages.
• Coursework 2: Written assignment. Group or individual work. Maximum 5 pages.
• Coursework 3: Written assignment. Individual work. Maximum 5 pages.

The group work will be carried out in groups consisting of 2-5 students, depending on the number of participating students in the course.

The coursework is part of the active learning experience for the students and helps prepare students for the final exam. It also serves as useful feedback about the effectiveness of the lecturer's teaching.

All required coursework must be completed and approved by the given deadline in order for the student to take the exam. If one or more coursework requirements have not been approved, the student will be given one opportunity to submit a new or improved version by the given deadline.

The exam in the course is a supervised exam of 4 hours.

The following aids are permitted:

• One dictionary (Native language-English/English-native language or English-English)
• Calculator (see regulations for the use of calculators in the programme description)

Foretaksretten omfatter selskapsrettens regler for stiftelse og drift av selskaper, herunder egenkapitaltransaksjoner og ansvars- og heftelsesformer, lovgivningen om finansmarkedene, herunder regler om innsidehandel mv, og lovgivningen om insolvens og konkurs. Emnet inkluderer innføring i juridisk metode og grunnleggende regler om avtaler, kjøp og pengekrav. Formålet er å gjøre studentene i stand til å analysere og ta stilling til rettsspørsmål i foretak.

Ingen forkunnskapskrav

Studenten skal etter å ha fullført emnet ha følgende totale læringsutbytte definert i kunnskaper, ferdigheter og generell kompetanse:

Kunnskap

Studenten har

• kunnskaper om rettssystemet og det virkemåte
• kunnskaper om reglene om avtaleinngåelse og fullmakt, kjøpsloven og pengekravsrett
• inngående kunnskap om lovreglene for de ulike selskapstyper, opprettelse og egenkapitalforvaltning, herunder om selskapenes formues- og heftelsesform og særtrekk ved hver enkelt selskapstype med spesiell vekt på aksje- og allmennaksjeselskap,  styrets ansvar, og om foretakets rapportering om samfunnsansvar
• inngående kunnskap om det finansielle systems oppbygging, rolle og regulering, samt om regler for handel med finansiell instrumenter, herunder innsidehandel, markedsmanipulasjon og urimelige forretningsmetoder.
• inngående kunnskap om lovreglene for styrets og revisors ansvarsforhold, herunder ved insolvens og konkurs, 
• kunnskap om det rettslige og profesjonsbestemte regelverket for revisors yrkesutøvelse

Ferdigheter

Studenten kan

• identifisere rettslige problemstillinger, formulere rettsspørsmål og drøfte og ta stilling til disse
• utvikle selvstendige, rettslige resonnement og vise ulike rettskilders relevans og vekt.
• fremstille og drøfte juridiske problemstillinger, enten de gis i form av praktiske eller teoretiske oppgaver

Generell kompetanse

Studenten kan

• identifisere og analysere juridiske, etiske og økonomiske problemstillinger innen foretaksretten, 
• anvende kunnskaper og ferdigheter til å løse fremtidige rettsspørsmål ved å resonnere selvstendig og faglig forsvarlig
• formidle sin analyse av juridiske problemstillinger til fremtidige kunder og oppdragsgivere på en grundig og forståelig måte.
• delta i drøftelser av rettsspørsmål med spesialister, kolleger og allmennheten
• holde seg oppdatert om utviklingen på fagområdet